Principles of Clinical Diagnosis
Susan Bayliss Mallory, Alanna Bree, Peggy Chern in Illustrated Manual of Pediatric Dermatology, 2005
A Wood’s lamp emits long-wave ultraviolet light Screening for fungal scalp infections caused by Microsporum species shows green fluorescence of affected hair shaftsIt is important to verify that the actual hair shaft is causing fluorescence, which can easily be seen with a magnifying lensLint, scales and other debris on the scalp also fluoresce and should not be confused with tineaHypopigmentation or depigmentation can be accentuated (e.g. tuberous sclerosis patches) and delineated, particularly in light-skinned patientsCorynebacterium minutissimum, which causes erythrasma, fluoresces a coral red colorUrine of patients with certain types of porphyria fluoresces pink
Antifungals
Sarah H. Wakelin, Howard I. Maibach, Clive B. Archer in Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology, 2015
Although unlicensed in children in the UK, studies have confirmed good cure rates in tinea capitis. Child over 1 year, bodyweight 10–20 kg: 62.5 mg once daily.Child bodyweight 20–40 kg: 125 mg once daily.Child bodyweight over 40 kg: 250 mg once daily. The duration of treatment for tinea capitis depends on the causative organism. Trichophyton species show good response rates within 4 weeks of treatment. Microsporum infection requires prolonged therapy of 6 weeks or more. The difference in clinical response may be related to the ectothrix infection pattern of Microsporum spp. as opposed to the endothrix pattern associated with the genus Trichophyton, with a consequent decreased accessibility of antimycotics to the fungal spores on the surface of the hair shaft in the former.
Section 10
Padmanabhan Ramnarayan in MCQs in Paediatrics for the MRCPCH, Part 1, 2017
Systemic Aspergillus infection is a serious complication of immuno-suppression and presents as a cerebral abscess, endocarditis, sinopul-monary infections, invasive otitis and endophthalmitis. Candida hyphae are seen on KOH preparations of affected sites. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease caused by a pox virus. Mucormycosis is seen in debilitated diabetics, usually adults with poor control and immunosuppression. Microsporum is transmitted from dogs and causes hair and scalp infection in humans (Tinea capitis).
Development of a new synthetic xerogel nanoparticles of silver and zinc oxide against causative agents of dermatophytoses
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Ali Abdul Hussein S. Al-Janabi, Abass M. Bashi
Dermatophytes, a very special group of fungi, including three genera: Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp., and Epidermophyton spp. (1). They often cause a superficial skin disease called dermatophytoses or tinea on different parts of the human body (1,2). Several types of antifungal agents are commonly used for treatment of this type of infection. Synthesis of some of these agents in nanoparticles size is suggested to increase their antifungal effects. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are considered one of the most important antimicrobial molecules. Although antidermatophytic activity is less than some of antifungal agents such as griseofulvin, Ag-NPs in pure form or in combination with other compounds revealed effective action against several species of dermatophytes (3–5), which may be higher than other antifungal agents such as with fluconazole (3,5). Moreover, curative ability of Ag-NPs against dermatophytoses is also proved by many studies (6,7). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are another antifungal agents that have ability to inhibit several types of fungi (8–10). It revealed potent effects against dermatophytes after direct exposure to it or its preparations (11–14). Gel preparation of Ag-NPs or ZnO-NPs showed an active effect against several types of fungi such as Candida lusitaniae and Aspergillus niger (15,16).
The antifungal pipeline for invasive fungal diseases: what does the future hold?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Chin Fen Neoh, Wirawan Jeong, David CM Kong, Monica A Slavin
Olorofim has potent in vitro activity against Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii (Figure 2) and was shown to be efficacious in murine model of cerebral coccidioidomycosis infected by C. immitis [89]. It also exhibited good in vitro activity against other fungi including Rasamsonia argillacea species complex, Metarrhizium anisopliae, Pleurostomophora richardsiae, Talaromyces marneffei, Sarocladium kiliense, Penicillium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Ramularia spp., Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. and Madurella mycetomatis, but has marginal activity against Phialemonium curvatum and Phaeoacremonium parasiticum [64,73,84,90–96].
Zoonotic fungal diseases and animal ownership in Nigeria
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Adebowale I. Adebiyi, Daniel O. Oluwayelu
Dermatophytosis is an integumentary mycotic disease prevalent in both sporadic and epidemic forms in over 145 countries of the world, and is of public health and economic significance. It is an important occupational mycozoonoses of dairymen, animal handlers, livestock farmers, pet owners, veterinarians, etc.15 caused by a group of highly specialized pathogenic fungi collectively referred to as “dermatophytes”, which are the most common agents of superficial mycoses in animals and humans, and are thus recognized as a public health menace worldwide.16–20 This group of closely related fungi comprising 40 identified species in the dermatophytic genera that include Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton21 cause infection of the stratum corneum of the epidermis and keratinized tissues such as skin, hair and nails of humans and animals.22,23
Related Knowledge Centers
- Fungal Infection
- Hyaline
- Microsporum Canis
- Tinea Capitis
- Tinea Corporis
- Trichophyton
- Dermatophytosis
- Skin
- Species
- Microsporum Audouinii