Role of Bacteria in Dermatological Infections
K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika in Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Folliculitis is the inflammation of hair follicle caused due to virus, fungi, or bacteria. Poor hygiene, exposure to certain chemicals, humid environment, maceration, hyperhydration, and occlusion are several predisposing factors that conciliate the development of folliculitis. Folliculitis is characterized by formation of small pustules with erythematous base that later expand into clusters and crusts. Bacterial folliculitis may be superficial or deep that occurs at different sites such as the scalp, buttocks, axillae, medial thigh, and face of children and adults. S. aureus is the major cause of bacterial folliculitis; however, other bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Proteus, and some Coliform bacteria are also involved in the infection (Luelmo-Aguilar and Santandreu, 2004).
Basic dermatology in children and adolescents
Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo in Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
For local irritation due to a dull or dry razor (razor burn), one can apply a low-potency topical steroid such as hydrocortisone 1%. Treatment of infectious folliculitis includes a combination of a topical steroid such as hydrocortisone 1% and application of a topical antibiotic, such as clindamycin 1% or mupirocin. Patients can treat superficial abrasions at home, but some patients who sustain lacerations or burns or develop abscesses require medical attention.47 For treatment failure, bacterial culture and referral to a dermatologist are recommended. It is important to educate patients about safe techniques, risks, and potential adverse effects related to hair removal.
Papulopruritic Skin Disorders
Clay J. Cockerell, Antoanella Calame in Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease, 2012
Histologically, HIV-associated EF appears similar to Ofuji’s disease (144, 145). Spongiosis of the follicular epithelium with infiltration of the outer root sheath and perifollicular dermis with an inflammatory infiltrate of eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells is seen in both entities.49,57 There are also often mast cells, many of which have degranulated.67 In time, the hair follicle may eventually be destroyed and formation of an eosinophilic abscess may be identified.49 The intrafollicular inflammation is distinct from that seen in infectious causes of folliculitis.56
Safety concerns when using novel medications to treat alopecia
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Hind M. Almohanna, Marina Perper, Antonella Tosti
Loganathan et al. performed a retrospective analysis including 73 male patients with androgenetic alopecia treated with hair restoration therapy including FUT, follicular unit extraction (FUE), and body hair transplantation. Complications in hair restoration therapy, the most severe of which is death in inexperienced centers, are relatively few and rare compared with other aesthetic surgical procedures but are still prevalent. The most common adverse event was postoperative edema, occurring in 42.47% of reviewed patients. Moreover, folliculitis is a common complication of hair transplantation [30,31]. Patients (10.96%) in Loganathan and colleagues’ study developed bacterial folliculitis in the donor area up to eight months after surgery. Sterile folliculitis weeks or months after transplantation is commonly found as well, occurring in 23.29% of Loganathan et al.’s patients. In a case report by Yang following a 38-year-old man with Norwood type V alopecia receiving hair transplantation, in addition to mild postoperative pain and discomfort, erythematous folliculitis due to a buried graft was documented [32].
Design of lower limb prosthetic sockets: a review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Minghui Wang, Qingjun Nong, Yunlong Liu, Hongliu Yu
The temperature of the prosthetic socket is rising in the full-contact prosthetic sockets and other prosthetic sockets for large contact areas with skin due to the close fit. The rising temperature makes the skin sweat more than usual, and the sweat cannot evaporate freely in a substantial area. The increased humidity may occur intertriginous dermatitis, evoking infections with dermatophytes and yeasts of the groin. The increased humidity may cause slippage and lead to skin problem. In addition, bacterial infections occur, especially with staphylococcus aureus leading to folliculitis, furunculosis (or boils), cellulitis, pyoderma, and hidradenitis [16]. Sensitization from chemical compounds of the socket or liner also may lead to allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis and atopic eczema (Figure 2) [20]. Preexisting skin diseases (e.g. psoriasis or acne) may be elicited by the use of sockets.
Efficacy of topical latanoprost versus minoxidil and betamethasone valerate on the treatment of alopecia areata
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Amal Ahmad El-Ashmawy, Iman Hamed El-Maadawy, Gamal Mohamed El-Maghraby
In the current work, folliculitis was reported in 10% of patients, who were treated and could continue the therapy. Our results were in agreement with previous studies who reported folliculitis, acneform facial eruption, telangiectasia and mild local atrophy in one patient (22,32,34). In addition Kuldeep et al. (2011) (31) reported 10.4% of patients complaining of itching after treatment with betamethasone valerate foam, furthermore, Sardesai et al. (2012) (12) not reported any side effects. Relapse was reported in 20% of patients in eighth and tenth weeks of follow-up period after stoppage of betamethasone valerate and no regrowth reported during the follow-up period. Our results were consistent with many studies (2,16).
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