Alcohol Use Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Alcohol is readily absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach, small intestine, and colon, given its water solubility. It is distributed to all tissues. Calculations of the prevalence of alcohol use disorder vary greatly depending upon the methods employed. The percentage of respondents with alcohol use disorder in the prior 12 months who sought help or treatment was 7.7; among those with alcohol use disorder in their lifetime, the percentage was 19.8. It has also been established that family history of alcohol use disorder increases the likelihood of developing a use disorder and therefore including this in family history taking is a relevant part of screening. Alcohol use disorder among physicians is common: 10–12% of doctors develop a substance use disorder, of which alcohol use disorder is the most prevalent, at about 50%. Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremulousness, dilated pupils, disorientation, hyperarousal, and seizures.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Ebola Virus Infection
Joseph R. Masci, Elizabeth Bass in Ebola, 2017
Prior to the West African outbreak of 2014–2016, the clinical features of Ebola virus disease (EVD) had been described in the relatively small and brief outbreaks that had occurred in remote and rural areas of Africa after the infection was first recognized in 1976. This chapter provides recent insights into pathophysiology and its relationship to the clinical manifestations of EVD. It reviews postrecovery features of EVD, which had not been described in prior outbreaks, as well the newly identified possibility of long-term persistent infection and carriage. The care of patients with EVD is primarily supportive. Loss of body fluids through the gastrointestinal tract and diaphoresis and the resultant vascular collapse poses the gravest danger in EVD. Since the majority of female victims of EVD are of childbearing age, infection in pregnancy has been seen occasionally in past outbreaks and was seen in a small number of cases in the West African outbreak of 2014–2016.
Herbal Diaphoretics: Relief of Common Colds, Allergies, and Headaches
Joseph P. Hou, Youyu Jin in The Healing Power of Chinese Herbs and Medicinal Recipes, 2005
The medicinal herbs discussed in this chapter are herbal diaphoretics. Diaphoretics are herbs that increase perspiration, dissipate pathogenic toxins from the body, and relieve colds, pain, and associated respiratory ailments. In TCM, these ailments are commonly called Exterior syndromes (Dong et al., 1998). Exterior syndromes (biao zheng) means that only the external parts or the superficial levels of the body are affected or are being attacked by the exogenous pathogenic factors of Wind, Cold, Dampness, Dryness, Heat (Fire), or Summer Heat (the six climatic evils). Exterior syndromes may also indicate the exterior location of the disease, which means that the disease is in a superficial part of the body and also in the early stages.
Successful management of a third-trimester pregnancy complicated by pheochromocytoma: case report
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Pierluigi Giampaolino, Luigi Della Corte, Carmen Formisano, Lara Cuomo, Simone Maurea, Valeria Romeo, Giuseppe Bifulco
Pheochromocytoma (PH) is a tumor that arises from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Though being this benign neoplasm very rare in pregnancies, lack of treatment nevertheless causes high mortality rates for both the mother and the fetus. Classic symptoms related to PH are hypertension, abdominal pain, diaphoresis, and headache; but it can be easily misdiagnosed as gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Its appearance is sporadic, but there are some genetic disorders that favor its onset (e.g. MEN 2A and 2B). Individual management is needed, because no single protocol is suitable in such a complex and rare condition. In this paper we describe our experience in the clinical and surgical management of a young pregnant patient affected by PH, and in particular the specific and unique pharmacological treatment with doxazosin, the use of corticosteroids and a close monitoring of fetal well-being, which proved being an effective approach.
Gabapentin Withdrawal Syndrome in a Post–Liver Transplant Patient
Published in Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 2010
Christopher K. Finch, James Eason, Justin B. Usery
A 41-year-old male with a previous orthotopic liver transplant began experiencing insomnia, anxiety, diaphoresis, headaches, and palpitations that progressed over a 2-day period. As part of his home medication regimen, the patient was taking gabapentin for peripheral neuropathy. His acute onset of increasing symptoms coincided with an inadvertent discontinuation of gabapentin. After reinitiation of gabapentin therapy, the symptoms slowly improved over the next 24 hours and the episode of gabapentin withdrawal syndrome resolved.
Triterpenoid Acids as Important Antiproliferative Constituents of European Elderberry Fruits
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2017
Michał Gleńsk, Elżbieta Czapińska, Marta Woźniak, Ireneusz Ceremuga, Maciej Włodarczyk, Grzegorz Terlecki, Piotr Ziółkowski, Ewa Seweryn
In Europe, both the fruits and flowers of Sambucus nigra L. have been used against cold, as well as laxative, diaphoretic, and diuretic remedies. There are also a number of commercially available food products that contain elderberry juice, puréed or dried elderberries. Recent comprehensive literature data on pharmacology and chemistry of Sambuci fructus have encouraged us to screen extracts with different polarities from this plant material against cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate and aqueous acetone extracts from elderberries as well as detected triterpenoids on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (LoVo) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was investigated by sulforhodamine B assay. Moreover, cell migration assay was conducted for triterpenoid fraction and pure compounds. Aqueous acetone extract possessed much lower IC50 value in cancer cell lines compared to ethyl acetate extract. The latter manifested high cytotoxicity against studied cell lines, suggesting that nonpolar compounds are responsible for the cytotoxic activity. Indeed, the phytochemical analysis revealed that ursolic and oleanolic acids are the main triterpenoids in the mentioned extract of which ursolic acid showed the highest activity with IC50 values of 10.7 µg/mL on MCF-7 and 7.7 µg/mL on LoVo cells.
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