Phytosomes as Useful Drug Delivery Systems for Cosmeceutical Application
Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan in Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines “cosmetic” as a compound for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, correcting odors, and altering the appearance without having any therapeutic effect on the skin (FDA/CFSAN, 2002). The FDA constantly supervises old and new drugs and their pharmaceutical formulations, but cosmetics are not subject to its detailed control (Dureja et al., 2005). Cosmeceuticals do not belong to any specific legal class, so they are not required to undergo the rigorous checking of the FDA. In fact, cosmeceuticals are on the borderline between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (Morganti and Paglialunga, 2008). At least one security test is generally necessary on the cosmeceuticals while there is none for cosmetics. Around the world, various names are used to identify cosmeceuticals; for example, in Thailand they are called “controlled cosmetics,” in Japan “quasi-drugs,” and in Hong-Kong “cosmetic-type drugs” (Trüeb, 2001).
General Considerations
Frank C. Powell, Jonathan Wilkin in Rosacea: Diagnosis and Management, 2008
Advice about improving the overall appearance of the patient’s appearance is an important component of the management of rosacea. The use of cosmetic preparations by female patients with rosacea has recently been well reviewed by Draelos (2) and is summarized in Table 1. She advises rosacea patients to use cosmetics with few high quality pure ingredients. Cosmetics which compromise the skin barrier should be avoided. The use of a soft, dull, matte facial foundation containing a high sun-protective factor will mask erythema and reduce the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. All cosmetics are best applied with a brush to avoid the effect of friction on the sensitive facial skin. Sponges and face cloths are to be avoided. Similarly, eye shadow powders with a matte finish and of light brown color are best suited to the rosacea patient. Black, easily removed mascaras should be used, as should regularly sharpened pencils to apply eyeliner to the lid margins. Waterproof eye cosmetics are best avoided as they require to be removed by solvents which can be irritating. Hair sprays should be used with caution avoiding any contact with the facial skin. If a patient is concerned that they may be allergic to a particular cosmetic preparation, patch testing should be carried out. The patient can alternatively instructed to carry out a “use test” (daily application for three days of the preparation in its normal form to a small area of facial skin—usually the lateral cheek) and to observe for any untoward reaction.
Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Wild Plants, 2020
Another important aspect of cosmeceuticals is its moisturizing ability. The balance between the water content of the stratum corneum and skin surface lipids is detrimental to the appearance and function of the skin. When this balance gets disrupted, a dermatological condition known as dry skin ensues. This is a phenomenon commonly observed in atopic dermatitis patients. Under these circumstances, effective cosmetic products must be used to improve skin hydration (Dal’Belo et al. 2006). In this regard, the polysaccharide-rich Aloe vera extracts, which are often used in cosmetic formulations, were investigated using skin bioengineering techniques, and the results confirmed its effectiveness in improving skin hydration (Dal’Belo et al. 2006). In another study, Corchorus olitorius leaves that are rich in mucilaginous polysaccharide were proved to be effective in increasing skin hydration (Yokoyama et al. 2014). Similarly, the polysaccharide gel extracted from the fruit hulls of durian (Durio zibethinus) had a significant effect on skin capacitance in human subjects, and exerted a positive but moderate effect on skin firmness (Futrakul et al. 2009).
Determination of toxic element levels (lead and cadmium) in commonly used cosmetic products in Iran
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2018
Soudabeh Balarastaghi, Zahra Khashaiarmanesh, Pouran Makhdoumi, Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh, Zohreh Sameie Moghadam, Kobra Shirani, Gholamreza Karimi
Since the down of civilization, cosmetic products are considered a part of body care (Brown, 2013). Cosmetic can be defined as any preparation to be applied to the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, attractiveness or changing the visual aspect without affecting the formation and function (Oyedeji et al., 2011). These cosmetic products are directly applied on human skin and chiefly produce local exposure to certain elements. Although the skin provides a barrier against toxic agents, the penetration of substances through oral cavity, lips, face, mucosa and eyes may also produce human systemic exposure (Loretz et al., 2008; Nohynek et al., 2010). Synthetic and natural substances may also produce local effects in human skin such as sensitization, irritation, photoreactions or allergy (Davies & Johnston, 2011; Nohynek et al., 2010; Tomankova et al., 2011). Among the hazardous substances contained in cosmetics, toxic elements are broadly diffused in colored make-up products. They are available as pressed powders, emulsions, anhydrous creams and sticks.
Clinical utility of marketing terms used for over-the-counter dermatologic products
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Cosmetic products are defined as any substance applied externally to the human body with the purpose of cleansing, perfuming, or changing its appearance (1). Personal hygiene products, hair care products, nail products, sunscreens, and make-up, all fall into this category. The average woman uses 12 personal care products with 168 unique ingredients daily, and the average man uses six personal care products with 85 unique ingredients daily (2). Often, the labels on cosmetics products make certain claims, such as ‘non-comedogenic’, ‘paraben-free’, or ‘hypoallergenic’. Patients commonly rely on dermatologists to provide recommendations for their cosmetic products based on these labels. Thus, dermatologists should understand the validity and relevance of labeling on cosmetic products. Herein, we review the dermatologic terms most commonly used in cosmetic product marketing, if and why they are clinically relevant, and how to best educate patients on what to look for in a cosmetic product. Marketing claims are listed in alphabetical order.
Determination of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury) in authorized and unauthorized cosmetics
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Afrooz Saadatzadeh, Sina Afzalan, Reza Zadehdabagh, Leila Tishezan, Nahid Najafi, Maryam Seyedtabib, Seyyed Mohammad Ali Noori
In this study, the lead, cadmium, and arsenic content of lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, and eyebrow pencil products have been analyzed via GFAAS, and mercury levels determined by the DMA. The lead content in the cosmetics did not exceed the acceptable limits propounded by the BVL, while the cadmium values in all products were significantly lower than the BVL limit. The data indicate that the arsenic content of the lipsticks, eye shadows, and eyebrow pencils tested were significantly higher than standard set by the BVL. Differently, the mercury content was far below the BVL limits, meaning that there was no concern associated with this heavy metal. Legal cosmetics revealed better results than the contraband equivalents, except for mascara, for which the official products showed higher amounts of arsenic than the contrabands. The higher content of arsenic in the contraband eye shadows and eyebrow pencils should be taken into consideration. The cosmetics analyzed in this study are applied to the skin, and therefore the long-term use of these products could lead to an accumulation of heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination in cosmetic products can have adverse effects on consumers’ health, and this study has confirmed the importance of the surveillance and quality control of contraband and imported cosmetic products. In addition, it would be beneficial if consumers’ knowledge of the potential risks of the frequent application of cosmetic products were to be improved.
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