Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In a hospital in Spain, in a period of 8 years before 2009, 14 cases of allergic and/or photoallergic contact dermatitis due to etofenamate have been identified. There were 10 women and 4 men, ages ranging from 21 to 70 years. The time of onset from commencement of therapy to first signs of (photo)contact dermatitis was less than 10 days in 12, of whom 4 within 4 days. The most common sites of involvement of the reactions were the feet, legs and neck. In some cases, bullous lesions were seen. All patients had a history of using one or more NSAID topical products containing etofenamate. All 14 individuals were patch tested with an NSAID series (not containing related anthranilic acid derivatives such as meclofenamate, niflumic acid and mefenamic acid), etofenamate 1%, 5% and 10% pet., as well as with the actual commercial medicament used by the individual patient when possible. Photopatch tests were performed in 10 patients. Seven patients had allergic contact dermatitis, five photoallergic contact dermatitis and two combined allergic and photoallergic. In only 2 patients, there were positive photopatch tests to other NSAIDs (ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, piketoprofen), probably independent photosensitizations. In all cases where they were tested, the commercial products showed positive (photo)patch tests (6).
Patient assessment
Michael Parker, Charlie James in Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
As its name suggests, contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response within the skin secondary to the direct contact of either an allergen or irritant substance. The nature of the trigger allows for further subdivision into either irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. A breakdown in the epidermal barrier commonly facilitates the development of this condition, and therefore, atopic eczema may predispose an individual to contact dermatitis. Other potential causes for impairment of the epidermal barrier and consequent contact dermatitis include extremes of age and direct trauma to the skin, such as in manual labourers.
Techniques for Assessing the Health Risks of Dermal Contact with Chemicals in the Environment
Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach in Health Risk Assessment, 2017
One of the most common occupational diseases is contact dermatitis due to dermal exposure to industrial chemicals (Adams, 1990). Although contact dermatitis is not a life-threatening disease, it can be a persistent condition and debilitating in severe cases. Once sensitized to a chemical, an individual is at risk of dermatitis whenever exposed to the same or an antigenically cross-reactive chemical. Table 15 presents some examples illustrating the wide spectrum of chemicals which are known or suspected to cause allergic contact dermatitis (Emmett, 1986).
Adverse effects of textile dyes on antioxidant enzymes and cholinesterase activities in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Shaista Rahimi, Mahendra P. Singh, Jeena Gupta
On the basis of dyeing processes, the classification of textile dyes is usually done into acid, basic, disperse, mordant, direct, sulfur, azoic, reactive and vat dyes (Akar et al.2009). Disperse group because of their low molecular weight and lipophilic nature are common allergenic dyes (Stahlmann et al.2006, Lademann et al.2009). Disperse blue-124 is diazene containing monoazo dye which is generally used as a standard for assaying allergic dyes. It is a common contact sensitizer and is known to cause contact dermatitis in immuno-compromised patients (Caliskaner et al.2012). Disperse black-9 is another azo dye which in addition to dying clothes is also a component of hair dye formulations available in the market. A previous report by Wernick et al., have highlighted high LD50 of Disperse black-9 (1297 mg/Kg body weight) in male rats while the NOAEL was found to be 52.6 mg/kg body weight (Wernick et al.1975). Nevertheless, there are no studies which explore the potential consequences of these disperse dyes on important enzymes of living organisms. There are high chances for the strong connection between the intake of these dyes (in drinking water) and disease susceptibility, which makes the molecular studies vital (Fernandes et al.2018).
Caspase inhibitors: a review of recently patented compounds (2013-2015)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Hyemin Lee, Eun Ah Shin, Jae Hee Lee, Deoksoo Ahn, Chang Geun Kim, Ju-Ha Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim
Contact dermatitis is characterized by an inflammatory reaction in the skin accompanied by edema, pruritic erythema and even vesicle formation [9]. Caspase-1 converts the precursor interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β) into the proinflammatory active form by specific cleavage of IL-1 β at Asp-116 or Ala-117 [75]. Thus, targeting caspase-1 represents a good strategy for the treatment of inflammation, as caspase-1 and caspse-12 have been implicated in several types of inflammation [76,77]. Bonefeld et al. [78] claimed that caspase-1 inhibitors such as, Ac-YVAD-cmk, z-WEHD-FMK, YVAD-CHO, VX-765, and Ac-YVAD-FMK can be used for the treatment of various forms of contact dermatitis such as allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and photocontact dermatitis. These researchers reported anti-inflammatory effects of treatment with Ac-YVAD-cmk, z-WEHD-FMK, YVAD-CHO, VX-765, and Ac-YVAD-FMK or a combination thereof via inhibition of caspase-1 activity compared to untreated controls or treatment with other caspase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. This patent is particularly noteworthy due to the potential of these caspase-1 inhibitors to treat contact dermatitis.
Allergic contact dermatitis of adjacent normal skin from 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of flat facial warts
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Usman Asad, Jeannie Nguyen, Ashley Sturgeon
5-FU has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for flat warts, both as monotherapy and combination therapy.3–5 Cases of irritant contact dermatitis localized to the site of 5-FU application have been reported; adverse effects have included hyperpigmentation, dryness, and erythema.6 However, allergic contact dermatitis on the adjacent normal skin from 5-FU is generally uncommon. In the few reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis, symptoms have included erythema, ulcerations, severe pruritus, and eczematous eruptions. We favored the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis over irritant contact dermatitis because our patient’s rash was widespread and present beyond the sites of 5-FU application. In addition, her rash was more severe and extensive than the irritant reaction seen from 5-FU, which generally does not consist of severe erythema, ulcerations, or erosions.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Allergen
- Blister
- Epidermis
- Inflammation
- Rash
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Irritation
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis
- Immune Response
- Phototoxicity