Cosmetic camouflage for pigmentation issues
Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis in Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Camouflage cosmetics are generally used without difficulty once application and removal are mastered. A specially trained paramedical camouflage artist or esthetician can train the patient in blending and application of the makeup in two to three hourly sessions. The patient must then go home and practice to achieve a good result. The most common adverse reactions related to facial camouflage cosmetics are comedogenicity and acnegenicity. Most camouflage cosmetics contain a high oil concentration necessary for long wear and waterproof characteristics. These oils may cause comedone formation in predisposed individuals, but this is rare as most cosmetics are tested for comedogenicity. The oils most likely to cause comedogenicity are vegetable oils, but these oils can easily go rancid in formulation, so the oils utilized are mineral oil and silicone oil, neither of which causes comedone formulation when used in cosmetic grade quality. If comedogenicity is suspected, use testing is best. This is accomplished by applying a small amount of the cosmetic to the upper lateral cheek for a 2- to 4-week period followed by dermatologic evaluation.
Facial dermatoses
Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides in Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
The clinical spectrum of acne includes comedones and inflammatory lesions, i.e., erythematous papules, pustules, and nodules.1–7 Closed comedo, also known as “whitehead,” appears as a small whitish/skin-colored papule (Figure 5.1A), whereas open comedo, also called “blackhead,” presents as a blackish spot corresponding to pilosebaceous orifice filled with keratin, skin debris, and sebum (Figure 5.2A).1–7 Clinical pattern and disease severity widely vary among patients and even during the course of the disease in a single patient, ranging from mild comedonal acne, with or without sparse inflammatory lesions (including papules and pustules—Figure 5.3A), to acne conglobata with deep-seated inflammation, abscesses, nodules, sinus tracts, and in the late stage, polyporus/fistulated comedones or secondary comedones (Figure 5.4).1–7 Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and atrophic or hypertrophic scars may develop, representing a late complication of the inflammatory processes.1–7
Cyclodextrins and Skin Disorders: Therapeutic and Cosmetic Applications
Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro in Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Keratolytic agents such as topical vitamin A acid (tretinoin, all-trans retinoic acid) and its synthetic analogues (retinoids) increase the turnover of follicular epithelial cells, thus normalizing keratinization, preventing follicular occlusion and inhibiting comedone formation [80–82]. However, the therapeutic use of tretinoin dermal formulations is limited by high skin irritability, low aqueous solubility, and high instability to air, light and heat [83]. Numerous studies have reported the use of CyD derivatives as drug carriers to ameliorate these topical tretinoin drawbacks. Anadolu et al. [64] observed that the treatment efficacy of retinoic acid (tretinoin)-b-CyD formulated as topical products was higher than those of commercial products containing twice the amount of retinoic acid. This is probably due to the enhanced water solubility and stability of the CyD complex of the drug. They also reported a reduction in the side effects of the drugs. This reduction in skin irritability and side effects has also been reported by Amdidouche et al. [84]. In a series of studies, Ascenso and co-workers [56,85,86] demonstrated the ability of DM-b-CyD to enhance the physicochemical and dermatological properties of tretinoin as mentioned before.
Treatment of refractory acne using selective sebaceous gland electro-thermolysis combined with non-thermal plasma
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Xiaojin Wu, Yali Yang, Yutong Wang, Haoyu Wang, Ying Zheng, Jun Chen, Hui Xu
Before treatment, patients were asked to apply a compound anesthetic cream (Tsinghua Tongfang Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China) for 30 minutes. A sterile acne needle was used to extract contents of the comedo or inflammatory lesion. An antenna endplate was then applied on patient’s back so that a monopolar circuit would be set. A disposable sterile microneedle with a 0.6 mm base insulation (Peninsula Medical Co. Ltd., ShenZhen, China) was inserted into the center of the lesional follicular pore at an angle of 60–70° and a radiofrequency (RF) current was applied 1–2 times per lesion. Initial RF parameter settings were set on 5 W and 300 ms and then adjusted by clinical presentations and patient’s tolerance. The NTP handpiece (Peninsula Medical Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China) was applied after RF treatment. Each acne lesion was identified and treated for 2–3 times.
Studying the efficacy of a new radical treatment for acne vulgaris using a surgical technique
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Asahiko Tsukayama, Akiko Yoshinaga
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis notable for open or closed comedones and inflammatory lesions, including papules, pustules, or cysts (1). Various kinds of treatments are used to treat acne. It is reported that acne surgery is applied to acne scarring, but it is also performed as an adjunct treatment for acne of open comedones, closed comedones, and cysts (2). However, even with the available treatment options, in some patients, the condition does not resolve and instead worsens. Furthermore, some patients encounter emotional well-being issues, which may lead to uneasiness, misery, or self-destructive ideations (3–6). In other patients, Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria responsible for acne vulgaris, become resistant to antibiotics as a result of long-term use (1,7,8). Furthermore, some patients have concerns regarding the teratogenic effects of isotretinoin (1,9,10). We hypothesized that morphologically, acne is a foreign body or small abscess in the hair follicle, and a surgical technique is required for the removal of the comedo and pus in the hair follicle. The aims of this study were to develop a surgical technique for treatment of acne and provide clinicians with a simple surgical technique to remove the comedo and pus in the hair follicle.
Alpha- and gamma-mangostins exhibit anti-acne activities via multiple mechanisms
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2018
Nuo Xu, Wenjuan Deng, Gaiying He, Xiaoshuang Gan, Shuang Gao, Yu Chen, Yitian Gao, Ke Xu, Junmei Qi, Haojie Lin, Li Shen, Xiaokun Li, Zhenlin Hu
The hyperproliferation of keratinocytes lining the follicle wall is a crucial event in comedone formation. In this study, the effect of mangostins on P. acnes-induced hyperproliferation of keratinocytes was demonstrated by using HaCaT cells, which are immortalized human kerationocytes. Heat-killed P. acnes were used as an inducer to stimulate the proliferation of HaCaT cells. Treatment of HaCaT cells with heat-killed P. acnes at 300–600 µg/ml for 24 h significantly induced the proliferation of HaCaT cells, with the proliferation peaked at 400 µg/ml (Figure 2A). Both α- and γ-mangostins (2–8 μm) showed significant inhibitory effect on P. acnes-induced hyperproliferation of HaCaT cells (Figure 2B and 2C). In non-stimulated HaCaT cells (without P. acnes), these mangostins had no impact on cell proliferation under the same concentrations (Figure 2D and 2E), which excluded the possibility that the observed inhibition on P. acnes-induced HaCaT cells proliferation by mangostins might arise from their nonspecific cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acne
- Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
- Hair Follicle
- Keratin
- Pimple
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Pus
- Sebaceous Gland
- Sebaceous Filament
- Redox