Dermatomycoses
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis in Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Candidiasis is a primary or secondary mycotic infection caused by members of the genus Candida. The clinical manifestations may be acute, subacute or chronic to episodic. Involvement may be localised to the mouth, throat, skin, scalp, vagina, fingers, nails, bronchi, lungs or the gastrointestinal tract, or become systemic as in septicaemia, endocarditis and meningitis. In healthy individuals, Candida infections are usually the result of impaired epithelial barrier functions and they occur in all age groups but are most common in the newborn and the elderly. They usually remain superficial and respond readily to treatment. Systemic candidiasis is usually seen in patients with cell-mediated immune deficiency, and those receiving aggressive cancer treatment or other immunosuppressive therapy.
HIV and AIDS Pain
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Oral candidiasis may be an early manifestation of HIV infection and may have variable presentations: pseudomembranous, erythematous, and angular cheilitis. The most common presentation, pseudomembranous candidiasis or thrush, appears as white or cream-colored patches that are easily scraped off mucosal surfaces. The erythematous form is more subtle and easily overlooked. Patients may complain of pain, burning, or soreness, along with dysguesia. Angular cheilitis results in cracks or fissures at the angles of the mouth. Pain on opening the mouth is a common manifestation. Each of these forms of oral candidiasis can be treated with topical antifungal therapy in the form of solutions or troches (Darouich, 1998). Systemic antifungal agents are also effective. A condition known as hairy leukoplakia can resemble thrush, but is painless, cannot be removed by scraping, and does not respond to antifungal therapy.
Overview of HIV Infection
Mark J. Rosen, James M. Beck in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Lung, 1998
The phagocyte opportunists are less problematic in AIDS. Disseminated candidiasis is remarkably uncommon. Elevated antibody levels against Candida spp. have been reported, but it is uncertain whether these add to the protection afforded by relatively intact phagocyte defense. Invasive Aspergillus infections are becoming more of a problem, often in late disease with depressed phagocyte number and function, but occasionally, early in the course of AIDS, which is somewhat harder to understand. Nevertheless, the total effect of an invasive Aspergillus infection is very small relative to the effect of cryptococcal infections and infections caused by the agents of the endemic mycoses. From May 1983 to June 1984, only 0.16% of 3170 AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had Aspergillus infections, prompting the deletion of aspergillosis from the list of AIDS-defining illnesses (4).
Environmental pH modulates biofilm formation and matrix composition in Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Bruna Gonçalves, Liliana Fernandes, Mariana Henriques, Sónia Silva
Candida species which are the most common yeasts found in the normal human microbiome are also capable of causing morbidity and mortality (Alberto Cortés and Fernanda Corrales 2019). Candidiasis is associated with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mucosal infections with mild severity to life-threatening bloodstream infections (Pappas et al. 2016). Candida albicans is the leading cause of candidiasis but a trend to non-Candida albicans Candida species (NCAC), especially Candida glabrata, has been suggested by some epidemiologic surveys (Gonçalves et al. 2016; Alberto Cortés and Fernanda Corrales 2019). C. glabrata has high clinical relevance owing to its low susceptibility to some classes of antifungals and its ability to develop resistance following exposure to antifungal agents (Bennett et al. 2004; Nagashima et al. 2016).
‘Primary gingival and later primary vulval carcinomas arising in lichen planus: report of a case and clinical suggestions for diagnosis of a neglected disease’
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Stefano Basile, Sara Pinelli, Pietro Bottone, Paolo Giovanni Artini, Francesco Plotti, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
Infections may be suspected if there is an increase of vulvo-vaginal pain or discharge with topical corticosteroids, and obtaining swabs for bacterial, yeast, or viral culture may be useful. Onset is generally acute and response to appropriate treatment good [1]. Candidiasis may cause vaginal burning and discomfort but the erythematous vulval dermatitis with itching-related erosions is usually associated with a white vaginal discharge that worsens with antibacterial therapy. Condylomatosis can be itching, especially at the onset, but its morphology is peculiar. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) may cause burning genital ulcerations associated with regional lymphadenopathies, but acute HSV and Human Papilloma Virus infections are generally more frequent in sexually active and immunocompromised women [1]. Type-specific HSV serologic tests might support the differential diagnosis in doubtful cases. However, infections as mycosis may be superimposed on a preexisting vulval LP or LS [1].
Efficacy of low-level laser therapy as an auxiliary tool for management of acute side effects of head and neck radiotherapy
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada, Lara Maria Alencar Ramos, Marco Aurélio Carvalho Andrade, Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
Subsequent examinations were performed, by the same professional, weekly during the treatment until one week after treatment, and were registered in the medical records. The side effects, which were scored in the evaluations, included xerostomia, mucositis (presence and severity), candidiasis, dermatitis, severe trismus and dysgeusia. Dermatitis was considered only in high grades, when redness, erosion and ulcers were evident. Candidiasis was diagnosed by clinical examination. Also, this diagnosis was considered if the therapy was interrupted and if NGT was necessary. Severe trismus was considered if interfered with feeding and was not associated with post-surgical complications. The severity of mucositis was determined using the World Health Organization (WHO) oral toxicity scale (four grades of severity) (18). For statistical analysis, mucositis grade was simplified to mild mucositis (grades 1 and 2) and severe mucositis (grades 3 and 4) (19).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Candida
- Candida Albicans
- Fever
- Fungal Infection
- Oral Candidiasis
- Yeast
- Vaginal Yeast Infection
- Immunodeficiency
- HIV/AIDS
- Organ Transplantation