How to master MCQs
Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel in Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
In epiblepharon there is excess pre-tarsal skin and orbicularis oculi. This can cause misdirection of the eyelashes, resulting in corneal irritation and punctate keratitis. Dermatochalasis is seen in the elderly due to excess upper lid skin. Overhanging of the skin can cause superior visual field defects. Blepharochalasis affects younger people with recurrent inflammation and swelling of the upper lid. This can lead to loosening of the skin and levator dehiscence. It is not caused by allergy. Floppy eyelid syndrome typically affects middle-aged overweight males. The upper lid everts easily during sleep, causing mechanical irritation. Chronic papillary conjunctivitis and punctate keratitis are common. Brow ptosis can be involutional or the result of facial nerve palsy.
Blepharoplasty
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
In contrast, blepharochalasis stems from recurrent bouts of painless eyelid swelling, each instance of which may persist for several days. The swelling most likely represents a form of localized angioedema, although this remains speculative. Ultimately, after numerous episodes, the skin of the lids becomes thin and atrophic, and damage to the levator aponeurosis ensues. Blepharoptosis then develops (Figure 87.25). Blepharochalasis is idiopathic in most cases, though it has been linked to kidney agenesis, vertebral abnormalities and congenital heart defects in rare instances.
Aesthetic
Tor Wo Chiu in Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Blepharochalasis is a rare AD condition affecting young adults where there is atrophy and stretching of upper lid tissues following recurrent episodes of atopic eyelid oedema. Antihistamines and steroids do not help.
Stepwise surgery with variable adjustments for severe blepharochalasis with multiple chemical sensitivity: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Hisato Nagano, Takashi Domoto, Ryuichi Azuma, Tomoharu Kiyosawa
Blepharochalasis is a rare condition in which the eyelid skin becomes loose and redundant after repeated episodes of painless eyelid edema, which generally lasts for several days. It typically begins in childhood at an average age of 11 years and usually becomes less frequent in adulthood [1]. Many possible causes of blepharochalasis have been suggested, but the etiology remains unknown [1,2]. Several studies have suggested the possible involvement of immunological abnormalities [3–5]. We report a patient who had blepharochalasis and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), a condition in which low-level exposure to chemicals is associated with various systemic symptoms [6]. The patient provided written consent for publication. MCS is considered to differ from simple allergic disorders but is highly prevalent in patients with allergic diseases, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis [7].