Antifungal Activity Validation of Wild Plants used in Argentine Ethnomedicine
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
With respect to the plants that are used in Traditional Medicine, different groups of researchers have made important efforts to gather the ethnopharmacological information of Argentina. Regional ethnobotanical studies have been mainly carried out and these were taken into account to classify the first group of plants that correspond to those that present some use related to fungal infections (Ruiz Leal 1972, Bustos et al. 1996, Del Vitto et al. 1997a, b, Roig 2001, Scarpa 2004, Goleniowski et al. 2006). The following uses were considered: vulnerary, antiseptic, antidandruff, antialopecic, antiseborrheic, antipruritic, disinfectant, to heal wounds, ulcers, psoriasis, leucorrhea and venereal diseases. These are all ailments that may be caused by some type of fungus (Petenatti et al. 2008).
Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology and Treatment Options
Donald Rudikoff, Steven R. Cohen, Noah Scheinfeld in Atopic Dermatitis and Eczematous Disorders, 2014
Topical corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy of atopic dermatitis. These agents have anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive properties but are not directly antipruritic; they exert a beneficial effect on pruritus in atopic dermatitis by their reduction of skin inflammation. Given the adverse effects associated with topical corticosteroids (skin atrophy, bruising, telangiectasia, and stretch marks), their use should be recommended only in itchy, inflammatory, atopic dermatitis lesions for short periods (up to 2 or 3 weeks). Although higher strengths of corticosteroid have greater effectiveness, there is also an increased incidence of adverse effects. Combinations of topical steroids and emollients as well as keratolytics are particularly effective in treating atopic dermatitis.
Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
Tapash K. Ghosh in Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
For the treatment of pain the active ingredient may have analgesic, anesthetic, antipruritic or counterirritant properties. The mechanism of action of analgesics, anesthetics or antipruritic agents relies on depression of cutaneous sensory receptors for pain, burning, stinging and itching. On the other hand, counterirritants work by producing a mild local inflammatory reaction. The main therapeutic ingredients employed for topical pain relief include ammonium salicylate, benzocaine, diethylamine salicylate, glycol salicylate, methyl salicylate, menthol, camphor, capsicum oleoresin, ethyl nicotinate, hexyl nicotinate, 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate, lidocaine, methyl nicotinate, methyl salicylate, sodium salicylate and tetrahydrofurfuryl salicylate. In most over-the-counter (OTC) preparations combinations of ingredients will be present. Formulations currently available include the DTPs discussed earlier, lotions, liniments, gels, creams, ointments and sprays.
Menthol additives to tobacco products. Reasons for withdrawing mentholated cigarettes in European Union on 20th may 2020 according to tobacco products directive (2014/40/EU)
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Paulina Natalia Kopa, Rafał Pawliczak
Furthermore, menthol has antibacterial and antifungal properties. Adding menthol to bacterial cultures in vitro disk diffusion method indicates that it shows inhibitory activities against various bacterial strains. Menthol is highly reactive against Mucor spp., induces death of Rhizopus stolonifer spores, and reduces the growth of Fusarium verticillioides (Hoffman 2011; Kamatou et al. 2013). Moreover, it also shows antipruritic properties, by the moderation of water permeability by the stratum corneum, and thus it is widely used in a variety of products applied on the skin (Kamatou et al. 2013; Wickham 2015). Furthermore, by the reduction of inflammatory mediator (i.e. IL-1β, LTB4, and PGE2) secretion by monocytes, menthol has anti-inflammatory properties (Kamatou et al. 2013). Moreover, menthol-rich oils provide antiviral activity, which was confirmed on the herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). In addition, these essential oils have insecticidal and fumigant properties (Ahijevych and Garrett 2004; Farco and Grundmann 2013; Kamatou et al. 2013).
Novel drugs for the treatment of chronic pruritus
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Manuel P. Pereira, Sonja Ständer
Other NK1R antagonists considered for their anti-pruritic properties are tradipitant and orvepitant. In a phase II RCT tradipitant 50 mg given orally for four weeks was not superior to placebo in reducing itch intensity in patients with atopic dermatitis (NCT02004041). However, in a subsequent study, in which a higher dose (85 mg) was administered for eight weeks, significant antipruritic effects compared to placebo were recorded (NCT02651714) [53]. A large study expecting to enroll 500 patients with atopic dermatitis is ongoing and may provide important data on the anti-pruritic efficacy of this drug against atopic itch (NCT03568331). As for orvepitant, a RCT testing this drug in patients with solid tumors receiving inhibitors of anti-EGFR failed to demonstrate anti-pruritic effects of a high-dose regimen (30 mg daily) or a low-dose regimen (10 mg daily) against placebo after a treatment period of four weeks (EUCTR2013–002763–25-IT).
An overview of drug discovery efforts for eczema: why is this itch so difficult to scratch?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Kam Lun Hon, Steven Loo, Alexander K. C. Leung, Joyce T. S. Li, Vivian W. Y. Lee
In Hong Kong, Hon et al. performed a series of trials on a concoction of 5 herbs for children and young persons with AD [111–113]. Among other outcome measures, improvement of quality of life was also used [114–116]. Adverse drug reactions were generally mild, and the concoction was palatable by the children. The authors conclude that there was generally significant improvement of quality of life in these patients [111,117]. The concoction had been tested for residual pesticides, microbial products, heavy metals and considered safe [118]. The concoction underwent a double-blinded RCT in the pediatric population [119]. The investigators reported that the herbal concoction improved quality of life and spared topical steroid use in children with AD. However, antipruritic effects were not demonstrated.
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