Discoloration of Teeth
Linda Greenwall in Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
Tooth wear may give a darker appearance to the teeth because of the loss of tooth surface (Smith and Knight 1984). Erosion is the progressive loss of hard dental tissues by a chemical process not involving bacterial action (Watson and Tulloch 1985, Bishop et al. 1997). This dissolution of enamel by acid causes the tooth to appear discolored (Shaw and Smith 1999; Figures 1.23 and 1.24) because the dentin is more yellow in color (Figure 1.36).Attrition is defined as wear of the occlusal surfaces or proximal surfaces of the tooth caused by mastication or contact between occluding surfaces (Watson and Tulloch, 1985) (Figure 1.25). It affects the occlusal and incisal surfaces (Bishop et al. 1997).Abrasion is defined as the loss by wear of tooth substance or a restoration by factors other than tooth contact (Watson and Tulloch 1985; Figures 1.37 and 1.38). It is usually caused by abnormal rubbing of a nondental object such as a pipe, hairclip, or musical instrument. It is often caused by overly vigorous tooth brushing (Bishop et al. 1997). This loss of enamel causes exposure of dentin, which makes the tooth appear more yellow.
The Adverse Effects of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the Oral Cavity
John Brick in Handbook of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, 2012
Several authors have reported an increase in dental caries among alcoholics and drug addicts (Angelillo et al., 1991; Araujo et al., 2004; Driscoll, 2003; Du et al., 2001; Shaner, 2002; Zador, Lyons Wall, and Webster, 1996). This relates in part to failure to maintain adequate oral health habits but it also has been reported that addicted individuals may crave refined carbohydrates, and refined sugar is reported to be often used to dilute injected drugs (Scheutz, 1986). An increase in dental hypersensitivity to heat, cold, and certain foods has also been suggested. This may relate to the erosive nature of some drugs of abuse but is more likely to be associated with caries and bruxism. (Pallasch and Joseph, 1987). Excessive tooth wear (abrasion) has been reported as a frequent oral finding in association with increased jaw clinching and grinding among individuals who use illicit drugs (Colon, 1972; McGrath and Chan, 2005; Milosevic et al., 1999; Winocur et al., 2001, 2003). Dental erosion may be a common problem among abusers who experience an increased incidence of gastric reflux, nausea, and vomiting (Couper, Thatcher, and Logan, 2004; Frenia and Schauben, 1993; Kolecki, 1998; Yahchouchy, Debet, and Fingerhut, 2002).
Paleopathology and paleomedicine
Lois N. Magner, Oliver J. Kim in A History of Medicine, 2017
Despite the increasing sophistication and power of the analytical techniques employed in the service of paleopathology, many uncertainties remain, and all results must be interpreted with caution. Since the last decades of the twentieth century, scientists have exploited new methods, such as DNA amplification and sequencing, the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, and scanning electron microscopy to ask questions about the health, lifestyle, and culture of ancient peoples. Scanning electron microscopy has been used to examine patterns of tooth wear and enamel defects caused by stress and growth disruption and the effect of workload on the structure of bones. Where possible, chemical investigations of trace elements extracted from ancient bones and hair can provide insights into dietary patterns and quality of life. Lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, and strontium are among the elements that can be identified in hair.
Deterioration of direct restorative materials under erosive conditions with impact of abrasion and attrition in vitro
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2023
Aida Mulic, Amund Ruud, Ida R. Stenhagen, Ellen Bruzell, Amela Tulek
Tooth wear is an irreversible, physiological phenomenon that may be classified into several categories: abrasion (tooth wear in the presence of a foreign medium), erosion (acid-induced tooth wear) and attrition (wear as a consequence of tooth-to-tooth contact) [1]. Excessive consumption of acidic foods or regurgitation of the gastric acid in the oral cavity may chemically induce tooth substance loss [2,3]. Moreover, when acid softens the tooth surface, it becomes susceptible to physical impacts, namely abrasion and attrition [4]. The process of wear is more severe in some patients, for example those suffering from parafunctional habits [5]. Excessive wear often causes exposure of dentine canals and tooth pulp. Clinically, this manifests as hypersensitivity and pain, reduced chewing efficiency and discolorations [6,7].
Consumption of acidic drinks, knowledge and concern about dental erosive wear in Norwegian high school students
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Elisabeth Lind Melbye, Linda Naess, Ann-Kristin Bolstad Berge, Vibeke Hervik Bull
The high proportion of participants scoring above the neutral point (i.e. somewhat/totally agree) for items measuring subjective knowledge suggests that the adolescents in our sample had relatively strong beliefs about their own knowledge about dental erosive wear. The proportion with high scores for items measuring deficient objective knowledge about erosive wear was lower, but still disturbingly high for some of the statements. For example, almost 60% of the students somewhat or totally agreed that erosive tooth wear can be prevented by brushing the teeth after consuming acidic beverages. However, an equally large proportion (close to 60% of the students in the sample) somewhat or totally agreed that they are concerned about preventing erosive tooth wear. Thus, there seem to be a discrepancy between wanting to prevent dental erosion and the knowledge about how to do it. These findings support previous reports of insufficient knowledge about dental erosive wear among adolescents [23,24].
Knowledge about caries and erosive tooth wear is confused among Norwegian high school students
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Vibeke Hervik Bull, Elisabeth Lind Melbye
Our results showed that students performed better in determining which beverages that has potential to induce erosive tooth wear than they did in determining which beverages may induce caries. This is an important finding because frequent consumption of acidic beverages is the main extrinsic cause of erosive tooth wear. In line with our findings, Verploegen and Schuller [19] found that young adults (20–25-year olds) in the Netherlands lacked knowledge about erosive tooth wear. However, participants in their study generally scored higher on questions regarding the dental erosion potential of different beverages than the participants in our study. This might be due to the age difference between the two samples surveyed. Another explanation might be that Verploegen and Schuller [19] asked exclusively about erosive tooth wear (i.e. no questions addressed caries). Accordingly, the addition of questions related to caries in the present study might have confused the students, resulting in their lower scores.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Occlusion
- Tooth Decay
- Tooth
- Enamel Fracture
- Dental Erosion
- Dental Attrition
- Dental Abrasion
- Abfraction
- NON-Carious Cervical Lesions
- Masticatory Force