Antibacterial Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Leonel Pereira in Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
Dental caries are among the major dental infections caused by oral microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms participate in plaque formation, the accumulation of which results in dental caries or periodontal disease, or both. Streptococcus mutans multiplies in plaque and then produces organic acids, such as lactic acid, which induce dental decay. Tooth brushing and flossing are good methods for preventing dental caries. However, these activities may be difficult for individuals who are physically handicapped. Using a mouthwash containing chemotherapeutic agents would be a simple way to prevent dental caries by controlling the numbers of these microorganisms (Murata et al. 1989). The presence of nutrients, epithelial debris, and secretions makes the oral cavity a favorable habitat for a great variety of oral bacteria like Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Corynebacteria, and with a great number of anaerobes, especially Bacteroides. The mouth presents a floral succession with age and corresponding ecological changes in the oral cavity. These bacteria colonizing the dental surface and gingiva have coevolved with their host to establish a highly sophisticated relationship between pathogenic and mutualistic bacteria coexisting in homeostasis. Plaque is a biofilm on the surfaces of the teeth. The accumulation of plaque results in dental caries, and leads to gingivitis or periodontal diseases. Some research has shown that oral bacteria may contribute to increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and lung disease and may be associated with premature childbirth in some women (Chung et al. 2006).
An A to Z of conditions that affect eating and weight in younger children
Rachel Pryke, Joe Harvey, Annabel Karmel in Weight Matters for Children, 2018
Tooth brushing. Teeth should be brushed twice a day using fluoride toothpaste, ensuring that impacted food is completely removed from the surface of the back teeth in particular. This routine should start as soon as babies begin to cut their teeth, using a very soft baby toothbrush, in order to help the baby get used to the process. Parents should supervise and help with every brushing in children under the age of about seven, whilst children up to around 10 years should have their tooth brushing double-checked to ensure they are doing it effectively. Fluoride toothpaste will help to refresh the mouth in addition to strengthening teeth against decay, because luoride is an essential part of tooth enamel.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita in Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
Routine oral hygiene includes toothbrushing two to three times a day with a soft nylon-bristled brush. Dental flossing is recommended once daily with instruction on atraumatic technique and modifications as needed. Fluoridated and phosphate-/calcium-containing pastes are recommended for use as tolerated. The use of a bland rinse composed of 0.9% saline or 0.5% sodium bicarbonate is beneficial for decontamination but also allows debridement of the tissues and neutralizes pH. This can easily be prepared by the patient by mixing 1 tsp salt, 1 tsp baking soda in 1 liter of water. The frequency of rinsing depends on the oral status of the patient, starting at every 4-6 hours up to every hour
Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Liwei Chen, Tingting Zheng, Yifan Yang, Prem Prashant Chaudhary, Jean Pui Yi Teh, Bobby K. Cheon, Daniela Moses, Stephan C. Schuster, Joergen Schlundt, Jun Li, Patricia L. Conway
Daily oral hygiene habits (e.g., frequency of toothbrushing, efficacy of plaque removal) are constantly influencing the oral microflora throughout life. Toothbrushing and flossing can be powerful means to disrupt plaque and maintain healthy oral ecosystems. It was found that individuals who brush their teeth once per day have a higher Shannon index than those who brush more than once per day.69 Poor oral hygiene might lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms and the entry of oral microorganisms to the lower respiratory tract.70 Multiple studies indicating oral health and oral hygiene behavior have a direct impact on the oral microbiome71,72 and influence the balance of gut microbiome.73 Oral hygiene habits should be taken into account for future microbiome studies, especially oral microbiome studies.
The relationship between obesity and dental caries according to life style factors in schoolchildren: a case-control study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Hakan Bulut, Gülçin Bulut
Demographical features such as parent’s age, educational level, family income, number of children were collected by means of a questionnaire. If both of the parents were in the examination, the highest educational level was recorded. Parents and children were also asked to complete a modified child health behaviour questionnaire as used in a study by Cinar and Murtomaa and Giammattei et al. [29,30]. The questionnaire involved questions about toothbrushing frequency and daily activities as seen below.Tooth brushing frequency (once daily, twice daily, more than once a week, never).Daily consumption of milk at breakfast and bedtimes on school nights: yes (favourable = 0), no (unfavourable = 1).When do you go to bed on school nights? By answering one these choices; ‘I usually go to bed regularly on schooldays, at 20:30 to 22:00 o’clock or I usually go to bed irregularly on school nights.Leisure time activity; time spent watching TV, video or playing computer games per school day (ranging as none, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h or more).Consumption of snacks during leisure time activity; choices are: crisps-candies-chocolate-packaged food, fruits, all, none.
Is there socioeconomic inequality in periodontal disease among adults with optimal behaviours
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Faisal F. Hakeem, Wael Sabbah
The three-main oral health behaviours indicators were smoking, dental attendance and regular toothbrushing. Smoking indicated whether participants were current, former smokers or never smoked. Dental attendance indicated whether participants visit the dentist at least once every six months, at least once every year, or less than once every year/never. Toothbrushing included two groups: brushing twice a day or more, and once a day or less up to no regular patter. The behavioural variables were also used to select a subset of adults with and without optimal oral health related behaviours from the whole sample. The variables indicating optimal behaviours were: non-smokers (never or former smokers), regular dental attendance (at least once a year) and regular toothbrushing (twice a day). These groups were based on previous studies that examined the role of behaviours and Public Health England’s guidelines [14,22].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dental Floss
- Oral Hygiene
- Tooth Decay
- Toothpaste
- Tooth
- Toothbrush
- Teeth Cleaning
- Teeth-Cleaning Twig
- Periodontology
- Periodontal Disease