An Introduction to Bioactivity via Restorative Dental Materials
Mary Anne S. Melo in Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Another field for bioactivity in endodontics is related to the use of antibacterial root canal sealers in the root canal treatment. Root canal treatment aims to eliminate the bacterial infection, disinfect the root canal system from the bacteria and their by-products, and reduce the risk of getting recurrent infections in the future. Despite the disinfection of the root canal system, the total elimination of residual bacteria is not guaranteed and is at risk of being re-infected (Saleh et al. 2004). Therefore, the use of antibacterial canal sealers may improve the success rate of endodontic treatment. Enterococcus faecalis is the main endodontic pathogen that is able to invade the dentinal tubules and survive by itself in the treated canals by resisting the endodontic treatment (Sundqvist et al. 1998). The main limitation of most of the available endodontic sealers is related to the loss of their antibacterial function gradually after the setting (AlShwaimi, Bogari et al. 2016).
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez in Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
There are no objective clinical parameters to determine how much carious dentin should be removed; the question arises as to whether to cap the exposed pulp or perform a root canal treatment directly. A systematic review reported success in different longitudinal studies when a complete root canal treatment is performed (Ng 2007). Tooth with pulp exposure subsequent to caries excavation, the cost-benefit relation between a capping procedure, and root canal treatment could still be balanced or even favor pulpectomy (Schwendicke and Stolpe 2014). Completed root formation is a prerequisite for pulpectomy after pulp exposure. As an alternative to pulpectomy, pulpotomy offered a viable alternative to root canal treatment for teeth with vital pulps in short terms (Simon et al. 2013).
Major Orofacial Infection
Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan in Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
Dental caries presents as a yellowish, dark brown, or black discoloration on the outer surface of the teeth due to demineralization and staining of the calcified tooth structure. In the elderly, interproximal and root caries are more common than those found on the occlusal or biting surfaces of the posterior teeth, which is more commonly seen in younger age groups. Acidogenic and aciduric bacteria colonizes in a biofilm on tooth surfaces as a result of inadequate oral hygiene measures. Arrested caries may occur in response to decreased microbial activity and remineralization with inorganic ions from saliva (4). Upon reaching the tooth's pulp tissues, dental caries usually causes the patient to report the accompanying pain as a toothache. The pain is associated with the inflammatory responses of the pulp (pulpitis) to the invading organisms and their toxins in the severely confined space of the tooth's inner core. The progressive swelling engorges the pulp, constricts the blood supply of the tooth, and causes pulpal necrosis. If the nonvital and infected pulp tissues are not removed by root canal treatment or extraction of the tooth, the suppurative infection will progress into the alveolar bone and subsequently into adjacent anatomical spaces producing additional pain, swelling, fever, chills, and bacteremia.
Effect of different laser-assisted irrigation activation techniques on apical debris extrusion
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Ezgi Doğanay Yıldız, Buket Dinçer, Mehmet Eren Fidan
Root canal treatment aims disinfection of the root canals, to control infection in root canal space and to heal or prevent of pulpal and periradicular diseases [1]. To provide disinfection, mechanical preparation of the root canals and irrigation are crucial stages of root canal treatment. Irrigation of the root canals provides flushing away debris, cleaning the untouched areas of the root canals, removing the smear layer, and disinfection the canal space [2–4]. It is known that traditional needle irrigation does not sufficiently provide irrigation solutions to deliver and penetrate in the complex three-dimensional microstructure of the root canal system especially in the apical third of the canal [5]. Therefore, irrigation activation methods have been suggested to enhance the effect of irrigation solutions in the root canal system and distribution in root canal irregularities [6].
Effect of pain neuroscience education and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia. A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Mauro Barone, Fernando Imaz, Diego Bordachar, Isabella Ferreira, Leonardo Intelangelo
A 67-year-old woman sought physiotherapy service reporting pain, dysfunction, and sensory loss in the left jaw. The patient reported that the condition started 8 months before the first consultation as a sharp and throbbing headache on the left side, which forced her to interrupt her rest day from work. On the next day, the pain expanded to the lower teeth and the patient consulted a dentist, who diagnosed her with a periodontal problem. After four failed anesthesia procedures attempts, the dentist performed a root canal treatment without relief. On the following day, the patient noticed the presence of skin blisters on the left chin, with features of impetiginized lesions. A home-visiting physician diagnosed her with trigeminal PHN and prescribed oral Acyclovir, vitamin B, and Ibuprofen 4 times a day. After two days without improvement of the symptoms, the patient sought medical attention in a private hospital of Rosario (Argentina) where she was hospitalized for four days for medical examinations and treated with intravenous Acyclovir, Ciprofloxacin, Clindamycin, and Tramadol. After hospitalization, the patient continued taking Acyclovir 800 mg and Tramadol 25 mg orally 4 times daily for a month. After two months, she was instructed to stop the intake of Acyclovir and to continue the treatment with 40 drops of Tramadol daily. During the next month, the doctor allowed her to reduce the dose by one drop according to the severity of the symptoms. During these two months, the pain reached its higher intensity, and the patient spent most of her time in the bedroom.
COVID-19 and oral diseases: Assessing manifestations of a new pathogen in oral infections
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Afsar R. Naqvi, Joel Schwartz, Daniela Atili Brandini, Samantha Schaller, Heba Hussein, Araceli Valverde, Raza Ali Naqvi, Deepak Shukla
Amongst endodontic emergencies, pulpitis- inflammation of dental pulp- is a predominant inflammatory oral infection, which requires immediate emergency dental care [60]. Multiple microbes can degrade protective enamel or infect periapically and result in pulpal and periradicular inflammation and infection. Patients present with severe odontogenic pain and may sometime require immediate dental procedure to mitigate inflammation including root canal treatment. The role of COVID-19 in exacerbating endodontic infection is a matter of debate. Recently, Galicia et al., [57], explored the expression profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in healthy and inflamed human dental pulps [56]. Based on the global transcriptomic analysis, both the SARS-CoV-2 receptors were consistently detected in the dental pulp [57]. However, no significant differences were observed in the expression pattern between healthy control and diseased biopsies. Based on this data, it can be inferred that healthy and inflamed pulp tissues have similar tendency to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 as reported in IBD biopsies and lung tissues [58,59]. This situation suggests more risk to the dental personnel as compared to other health care professional, due to handling of oral secretions and saliva during normal dental therapeutic practices.
Related Knowledge Centers
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