Meeting personal needs: hygiene
Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale in Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Teeth cleaning should be carried out twice daily (Public Health England 2017). Cleaning of dentures should be carried out at least daily but ideally after meals too. If people are unable to carry this out independently, nurses must provide the necessary equipment and assistance. Some people, who are more dependent and debilitated, require nurses to carry out oral hygiene on a regular basis by the bedside. The use of the Mouth Care Matters Toolkit for Improving Mouth Care in Hospitals has an outline of what to look for and helps you to assess oral health. It also contains an outline on how best to clean a mouth and dentures for optimum care (HEE 2019a). The frequency of oral care should be determined on an individual basis. This care, which may be necessary for Bill, is described below.
Managing and Developing a Successful Whitening Practice
Linda Greenwall in Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
Many patients who are planning to whiten their teeth also want to have cleaner teeth. Patients should be actively engaged in a regular hygiene regimen. Patients may then choose to have a hygiene and whitening appointment in which the upper teeth are cleaned first, then the upper whitening tray is filled with a hydrogen peroxide day product. The lower teeth are then cleaned, and afterward the lower whitening tray is inserted with whitening material. That way the patients can undergo initial whitening or maintenance whitening and teeth cleaning during the same appointment. There are several different types of this service that can be designed. In addition, research has demonstrated that tooth whitening materials improve the gingivae (Firat et al. 2011) and reduce swelling, so a regimen can be undertaken that incorporates both treatments. In the study by Firat and colleagues, home and chemically activated whitening systems were found to be safer for tooth whitening and maintaining gingival health than a light-activated whitening system, which might lead to increased proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β). Many patients would benefit from the use of whitening trays (renamed therapeutic trays when used for the purpose of not only whitening but also improving oral health for certain patients) and oral hygiene. Use of the whitening trays has demonstrated an improvement in the oral health of patients, including elderly patients (Haywood 2007) and special needs patients (Lazarchik and Haywood 2010).
Experimental Stomatology
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy in Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Vogel and Deasy98 studied the preventive effect of folic acid on experimentally produced gingivitis in 16 volunteer dental students. The students were given a thorough dental prophylaxis and placed on a strict home care regimen to remove dental plaque. They were randomized into two groups of eight each 10 days later. The test group was given 2 mg of crystalline folic acid daily; the control group received a placebo. Gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation were assessed and the students instructed to stop using oral hygiene procedures for one half of the mouth while continuing care for the other half. On day 14 they were reassessed, and hygiene was reinstituted for 14 days when a third examination was made.
Impact of frequency of denture cleaning on microbial and clinical parameters – a bench to chairside approach
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Gordon Ramage, Lindsay O’Donnell, Leighann Sherry, Shauna Culshaw, Jeremy Bagg, Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Clare Brown, Debbie McKenzie, Laura Cross, Andrew MacInnes, David Bradshaw, Roshan Varghese, Paola Gomez Pereira, Anto Jose, Susmita Sanyal, Douglas Robertson
Study flow is detailed in Figure 2. At screening, participants provided written informed consent and eligibility was assessed. They received a dental prophylaxis and a denture prophylaxis of the maxillary complete denture; zero plaque and stain scores were confirmed by post-prophylaxis assessments. At the first study visit (Day 0) participants were assigned to a study treatment sequence order (1:1) in accordance with the randomisation schedule provided by the Biostatistics Department of GSK Consumer Healthcare. Randomisation numbers were assigned in ascending numerical order as each participant was determined to be fully eligible and consented for inclusion. All participants used supplied alkaline peroxide-based denture cleansing tablets (Corega® Tabs Dental Weiss für Racher [Denture Whitening for Smokers], German marketed product). The Daily Use group used one tablet per day (with supervised use at the site on Days 0, 3 and 7). The Weekly Use group used one tablet on Day 7 (supervised use at site on Day 7).
The anti-inflammatory effect of locally delivered nano-doxycycline gel in therapy of chronic periodontitis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Marwa Madi, Verica Pavlic, Wael Samy, Adel Alagl
The demographic characteristics were summarized in Table 1. Table 2 provides comparative p values between the healthy and therapy groups (multiple comparisons to provide insight into the differences in periodontal clinical parameters between treatment groups). The PI showed improvement in all groups at 1 and 3 months follow-up; however, no significant difference was observed between groups (Table 2). Regarding GI, there was no statistically significant difference between all groups at the baseline; however, at one month and three months, there was statistically significant difference between mean GI in group I when compared to both, group II and group III. There was also a statistically significant difference between mean % reduction in GI after three months in relation to group I and group II when compared to group III (Table 2). As expected, PI and GI data demonstrate clearly that dental prophylaxis improved the clinical measures of gingival health during follow-up, in such way that the measured periodontal parameters shifted toward health.
Prevalence of bacteraemia following dental extraction – efficacy of the prophylactic use of amoxicillin and clindamycin
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Emilia Marttila, Lotta Grönholm, Mikko Saloniemi, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
The majority of the patients in this study were considered having elevated risk for infection complication and AMX/AMP was the most common drug of choice. CLI was administered to patients allergic to penicillin as well as when the risk was considered moderate with the aim of covering broader range of oral bacteria. Unfortunately, the subgroup of patients receiving no AP and CLI remained small decreasing the statistical power of our results. The decision whether AP is administered is based on the immunological and medical status of the patient, the infection status of the operation site and invasiveness of the procedure. The majority of patients seen at our Department have complex medical histories and many are immunocompromised, and, thus, require AP. Further research is needed regarding the identification of the patients ‘at risk’ that benefit from AP prior to dental procedures. It is acknowledged that the cumulative burden of daily oral activities play a significant role in the risk for community acquired IE. However, on the ethical point of view, dental as well as other medical procedures conducted by health care professionals should not increase the patient’s risk for IE or other distant site infections as there is evidence on the effect of AP in prevention of post-procedural bacteraemia and consequently IE. On the other hand, accountable and research-based use of antimicrobial agents is essential to minimize development of resistance. Stopping the use of ineffective antibiotics like clindamycin in dental prophylaxis is an obvious first step in antibiotic stewardship in dentistry.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Calculus
- Dental Hygienist
- Gingivitis
- Oral Hygiene
- Tooth Decay
- Dental Plaque
- Tooth
- Periodontal Disease
- Toothbrush
- Dentures