Individualized Prevention
Lars Granath, William D. McHugh in Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
It has been shown that use of dental floss in young individuals can remove a substantial part of the interproximal plaque which remains after ordinary toothbrushing.30 It would be reasonable to assume that reduction of the amount of plaque interproximally would lead to inhibition of caries, but this is not necessarily so. In cases of normal tooth contacts and a normally situated gingival margin, the interproximal plaque is relatively thin below the contact point or area where caries starts. It has been stressed that unless all plaque is removed, the ecology of the remaining plaque with its mixture of viable and nonviable bacteria will be disturbed at the particular site, and the measure might lead to an effect which is the opposite of that intended.
The Cohort Study: Rates – The Concept of Bias
Johan Giesecke in Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology, 2017
Another principal conceptual difference concerns the measures of strength of association in the two types of studies: the ORs and the RRs. As was pointed out in Chapter 5, an OR does not have any directly interpretable meaning; it just tells us how strongly an exposure and an outcome seem to be related. In the example with dental floss above, a case control study might reveal a very strong and statistically significant relationship between floss usage and endocarditis. But this OR would not tell us what we really want to know: What is my risk of developing endocarditis if I use dental floss regularly for, say, 30 years? To answer this question, we need a study that could measure the risks, and we are left with the option of an impossible cohort study.
Religious Aspects and Medicinal Uses of Salvadora persica (Miswak)
Mehwish Iqbal in Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Poor oral health has a significant effect on overall wellbeing and quality of life (Kassebaum et al., 2017). Various systemic and chronic ailments have been ascribed to abysmal oral health. Disorders like stroke (Shiraishi et al., 2018), diabetes (Nakamura et al., 2016), cardiovascular disorders (Kiswanjaya et al., 2017) and mental illness (Kisely et al., 2015) have recently been related to the outcomes of poor oral health, for instance, dental caries, persistent oral infections and periodontal disorders. It is substantially recognised that the maintenance of oral hygiene by means of regularly removing deposits of food and dental plaque is an essential factor in protection from deprived oral health. The usage of a toothbrush along with dentifrices (paste or powder for tooth cleansing) is among the fundamental way to maintain oral health. Other remarkable methods include dental floss and mouthwash (Van Leeuwen et al., 2017). Usage of herbal composition to constructively influence the health of the oral cavity was clearly seen in dental floss, dentifrices, periodontal chip and mouthwash. In numerous developing nations, natural ways of cleansing teeth are by using miswak, chosen and made from the roots, twigs or stems of a diverse range of plants and are yet being practised because of their simplicity, low cost and availability (Niazi et al., 2016). Cultural and spiritual elements also have an impact on the admiration of miswak in these regions (Owens & Sami, 2016). The practice dates back millennia in the Middle East, Africa, the Americas and Asia (Gurudath et al., 2012). In different cultures chewing sticks are recognised by various names, i.e. in Hebrew ‘qesam', in Arabic ‘miswak', in Latin ‘mastic', in Japanese ‘koyoji' and in Aramaic ‘qisa' (Bos, 1993) (Figure 21.1 and Table 21.1).
The suppression effect of SCH-79797 on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Lingjun Zhang, Yan Shen, Lili Qiu, Fangzheng Yu, Xiangyu Hu, Min Wang, Yan Sun, Yihuai Pan, Keke Zhang
At present, non-specific methods, such as toothbrushes and dental floss, are generally used to remove the cariogenic biofilms on the tooth surface [9]. In addition, various antibacterial agents act on dental biofilms. These are primarily divided into the following categories: antibiotics, antimicrobial enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, cationic compounds, metal and metal oxides, other non-cationic compounds, natural products, amino acids and antioxidants [10]. Unfortunately, various clinically used antibacterial agents display side effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, mental addiction, or tooth discoloration [11]. In addition, usually there is only one bacterial target for a lot of antibacterial agents which could result in drug resistance more easily. For example, aminoglycosides are the most commonly used antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis to achieve antibacterial effects. It been confirmed that S. mutans can develop high levels of resistance to it [12,13]. Chlorhexidine, which is the gold standard for controlling dental plaque clinically, acts on bacterial cell walls and induces strain resistance in S. mutans [14]. The imperceptible low-frequency resistance of the drug may be due to its multiple different targets [15]. Therefore, antibacterial agents with multiple targets to avoid bacterial resistance are attracting more attention.
The Relationship of Oral Care Practice at Home with Mucositis Incidence in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2019
Khairunnisa Sita Devi, Allenidekania Allenidekania
In the present study, 48.7% of the 34 children with leukemia had mild-to-moderate oral mucositis. Based on the OAG review, we determined that one of the most common oral problems (40% of all participants) was localized plaque between the teeth. Dental caries can be caused by changes in salivary glands, dental habits, and oral microflora. They may also be caused by a soft food diet or the inability to maintain oral hygiene due to trismus, oral mucosa inflammation, and pain (Valéra et al., 2015). However, the link between ALL and dental caries remains unclear. We observed an increased incidence of dental caries in children with ALL, but other studies have not suggested any significant differences. Azher et al. noted that dental caries are mostly found in the maintenance phase of chemotherapy rather than in the induction phase (Valéra et al., 2015). Likewise, the majority of our participants were also in the maintenance phase of chemotherapy. The most effective way to eliminate dental plaque is by using dental floss (Bowden & Greenberg, 2010). However, the use of dental floss is an uncommon practice in Indonesia. Therefore, we did not include dental floss in our questionnaire.
Factors associated with dental caries, periodontitis and intra-oral lesions in individuals with HIV / AIDS*
Published in AIDS Care, 2018
Anderson Jambeiro de Souza, Isaac Suzart Gomes-Filho, Carlos Alberto Lima da Silva, Johelle de Santana Passos-Soares, Simone Seixas da Cruz, Soraya Castro Trindade, Ana Claudia Morais Godoy Figueiredo, Yvonne de Paiva Buischi, Gregory J Seymour, Eneida de Moraes Marcílio Cerqueira
The present study has shown that, in addition to antiretroviral use time, latest viral burden dosage and latest CD4 positive T lymphocytes count, the oral health of individuals with HIV/AIDS was also associated with known risk factors such as gender, age, schooling level, current occupation, family income as well as past and current smoking habits. Not surprisingly the use of complete/partial dental prosthesis, the need for dental prosthesis, together with the presence of gingivitis and the use of dental floss were also associated with overall oral health. These results are in agreement with a number of studies (Antunes, Peres, Frias, Crosato, & Biazevic, 2008; Corrêa et al., 2005; Diaz, Saborit, Guerra, Mariño, & Casanovas, 2010; Gasparin et al., 2009; Gonçalves, Peres, & Marcenes, 2002; Holtfreter, Schwahn, Biffar, & Kocher, 2009; Lourenço & Figueiredo, 2008; Neville, Damm, Allem, & Bouquot, 2008; Rodríguez, Fernández, Carvajal, & Díaz, 2011; Silva, Dourado, Dahia, Harzheim, & Rutherford, 2008), but in contrast to others (Carvalho et al., 2010; Cortelli, Cortelli, Pallos, & Jorge, 2002; Couto & Lopes, 2010; Obara-An, Câmara, Silva, Oliveira, & Benzaken, 2008; Pacheco, 2008; Watanuki, 2010).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dentistry
- Fluoride
- Gingivitis
- Oral Hygiene
- Tooth Brushing
- Toothpaste
- Interdental Cleaning
- Dental Plaque
- Tooth
- Toothbrush