Drug Products with Multiple Components—Development of TCM
Shein-Chung Chow in Innovative Statistics in Regulatory Science, 2019
Chinese doctors believe how a TCM functions in the body is based on the eight principles, five-element theory, five Zang and six Fu, and information regarding channels and collaterals. Eight principles consist of Yin and Yang (i.e., negative and positive), cold and hot, external and internal, and Shi and Xu (i.e., weak and strong). The eight principles help Chinese doctors to differentiate syndrome patterns. For instance, people with Yin will develop disease in a negative, passive, and cool way (e.g., diarrhea and back pain), while people with Yang will develop disease in an aggressive, active, progressive, and warm way (e.g., dry eyes, tinnitus, and night sweats). The five elements (earth, metal, water, wood, and fire) correspond to particular organs in the human body. Each element operates in harmony with the others.
Re-Visioning Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Cancer Patients
Scott Temple in Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Cancer Patients, 2017
There is an old saying that engineers want to know how something works, while scientists want to know why something works. Most of us who do clinical work understandably want to know the tools and techniques required to do effective therapy. We want to know how something works, and we may not steep ourselves in the why. Yet knowing something about the science and the theories behind tools and techniques is vital. Without this knowledge, the clinician is hampered, especially in those tough, but frequent, clinical moments when we are in new ground, and in which we must invent. This chapter addresses some of the important scientific and theoretical developments emerging in CBT over the past 20 years. These developments are organized into eight principles, which will guide therapy for the remainder of the book. If the reader prefers, feel free to skip to the summary and key points which appear at the end of this chapter. You can then return to this chapter later if you wish. Keep in mind that a general model, for a “re-visioned” Cognitive Behavior Therapy, is provided here. Specific applications of the model, for psycho-oncology, are detailed in the clinical chapters that follow. Those chapters will demonstrate the practical applications of every key point covered in this chapter.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Traditional Chinese Medicines
Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga in The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
The description of disease diagnostic principles in TCM is first found in Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine. Later on, the principles for disease diagnosis were proposed by famous scholar Zhang Zhongjing in his book ‘Treaties on Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous Diseases.’ In the modern era, TCM physicians still use these principles as guidelines to determine the nature and location of pathological changes in body. The eight principles of diagnosis act as guiding rules for the purpose of diseases diagnosis and differentiating syndromes. Each of the eight principles generalizes a unique characteristic of clinical manifestation. The complete picture of patient can only be analyzed by applying eight principles of diagnosis together. These principles are “Yin, yang, heat, cold, excess (shi), deficiency (xu), interior, and exterior (Figure 10.3). These principles make four pairs of opposing terminologies in which Yin and yang serve as the root of remaining six principles and group them into two categories under them. In this grouping the yin category includes the interior, cold, and deficiency and the yang include the exterior, heat, and excess [16].
Working with Parents in Child Psychotherapy, 1948-2021
Published in Psychiatry, 2021
Frederick J. Stoddard
That quotation from Bruch leads most directly to recent literature on parents and psychotherapy, yet her paper is not cited in the recent excellent book on play therapy by Pamela Meersand and Karen Gilmore in their chapter on working with parents (Meersand & Gilmore, 2018). They acknowledge the origins of child therapy in Freud’s “Little Hans” case where Freud analyzed the child through work with his father, as well as Anna Freud’s contrasting exclusive focus on the child without apparent engagement of parents in child psychoanalysis. Meersand and Gilmore refer to medical school teachers of mine, the Furmans, particularly Edna Furman, “‘proposing a theory of parent child relationships that conceptualized the parent-child dynamic as a complex overdetermined interaction in which two closely interwoven personalities complement each other in various ever-changing unconscious ways’” (Furman, 1995). Meersand and Gilmore also highlight the work of Novick and Novick advocating for working with parents to make child therapy successful. Meersand and Gilmore very practically elaborate eight principles, with extensive case examples to guide therapeutic work with parents who become integral parts of the psychotherapeutic process, extending and clarifying the direction which Bruch had indicated. Meersand and Gilmore also highlight the series of publications of Novick and Novick dedicated to working with parents to make child therapy successful (Novick & Novick, 2011).
Needs for occupational assistance among young adults with ADHD to deal with executive impairments and promote occupational participation – a qualitative study
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Cecilie N. Lyhne, Pernille Pedersen, Claus V. Nielsen, Merete B. Bjerrum
The study was carried out in Silkeborg Municipality in the Central Denmark Region in an occupational setting of young adults with ADHD. The young adults participated in an IPS intervention [26]. The intervention involves individual support from a trained occupational specialist and builds on eight principles: (a) focus on competitive employment in ordinary paid positions, (b) rapid job search, starting the job search on average within one month after programme entry, (c) attention to the client’s choices and preferences, (d) integrating work with mental health treatment, (e) personalised benefits counselling, (f) systematic job development, (g) individualised long-term job support and (h) eligibility based on the client’s choice.
Exploring patient perspectives of barriers and facilitators to participating in hospital-based stroke rehabilitation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Nicole Last, Tara L. Packham, Rebecca E. Gewurtz, Lori J. Letts, Jocelyn E. Harris
As previously highlighted, there is not one universal definition or standard, agreed-upon set of parameters for delivering PCC; however, one approach that very closely aligns with the framework presented here is the Picker Principles of Person Centered Care (formally named The Eight Picker Principles of Patient-Centered Care) [37]. Originally developed in 1987, the Picker Principles were identified through research involving a review of the literature as well as multiple and diverse focus groups with patients, physicians and other hospital staff, and family members regarding their healthcare experiences, to determine what matters most to patients [37,38]. The current eight principles include: (1) fast access to reliable health advice; (2) effective treatment delivered by trusted professionals; (3) continuity of care and smooth transitions; (4) involvement and support for family and carers; (5) clear information, communication, and support for self-care; (6) involvement in decisions and respect for preferences; (7) emotional support, empathy, and respect and; (8) attention to physical and environmental needs (Picker Institute, 2019). The Picker Principles are consistent with the presented framework of personalized rehabilitation inspired by patients’ experiences of stroke rehabilitation. Although continuity of care and smooth transitions were not explicitly discussed by participants, a case can be made for the concordance of the remaining seven principles to our framework. For example, fast access to reliable health advice and clear information, communication, and support for self-care align with the personalized rehabilitation key component of patient-therapist relationships.