Introduction and theoretical background
Elaine Kelman, Alison Nicholas in Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Early Childhood Stammering, 2020
These types of disfluency, most typically seen in stammering, are referred to as the core features of stammering. Much less common are word final disfluencies: word final repetitions, e.g. I went-ent-ent to the park-ark; mid word insertion/breaks – such as the insertion of ‘h’, e.g. I we-hent to the pa-hark; final sound prolongations, e.g. I like going on the bussssss; final phrase repetitions, e.g. I went to the park-the park-the park. These are referred to as atypical disfluencies (see Sisskin & Wasilus, 2014).
Situational speaking anxiety in adults who stutter
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2019
Janine Diehl, Michael P. Robb, John G. Lewis, Tika Ormond
One of the hallmark features of stuttering behaviour is variability in frequency of occurrence. In particular, the frequency of stuttering has been shown to vary under different speaking situations, which is often attributed to communication apprehension. Since the early work of Porter (1939) and Hahn (1940), a range of studies have measured the frequency of stuttering across speaking situations in adults (e.g., Constantino, Leslie, Quesal, & Yaruss, 2016; Kalinowski, Stuart, Wamsley, & Rastatter, 1999; Ladouceur, Cote, Leblond, & Bouchard, 1982; Leith & Timmons, 1983; Lerman & Shames, 1965; Martin & Haroldson, 1988; Mullen, 1986; Resick, Wendiggensen, Ames, & Meyer, 1978; Siegel & Haugen, 1964; Svab, Gross, & Langova, 1972) and children who stutter (Meyers, 1986; Yaruss, 1997). Some of the most commonly examined situations are speaking alone (or with a single person), speaking in front of a group, and speaking on the telephone. These situations presumably reflect a hierarchy of speaking difficulty, resulting in a corresponding increase in speech disfluency (Guitar, 2013).
Stuttering and compulsive manipulation of tools after hemorrhage in the anterior corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus: a case study
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2018
The primary characteristics of this patient's disfluency were blocks with struggle and repetition of syllables during the first disfluency test (see Table 2). These characteristics distinguish this form of disfluency from any utterance-based disorder following brain injury such as conduction aphasia or palilalia. Conduction aphasia is characterized by frequent occurrence of phonemic paraphasia. The disfluency blocks and syllable repetitions observed in the current patient consisted of correct pronunciation of syllables, which differs from mistakes in the choice of syllables, i.e., phonemic paraphasia. Palilalia is a phenomenon whereby one repeats a word and a phrase involuntarily. It gradually becomes a rapid utterance along with a low voice. Palilalia also occurs often in sentence-final contexts and is absent from reading. However, our patient had neither a rapid utterance or a low voice. Therefore, the disfluency exhibited by this patient seems to be neither conduction aphasia nor palilalia.
Clinical trial of the D.E.L.P.H.I.N. speech treatment for children and adolescents who stutter
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2018
Annerose Keilmann, Kirsten Neumann, Daniela Zöller, Christina Freude
Euler and his group [56] conducted a retrospective evaluation of stuttering treatment by the clients themselves. Clients judged two methods (stuttering modification and fluency shaping) as effective and three methods (breathing treatment, hypnosis, and unspecific logopedic treatment) as ineffective. Stuttering modification and fluency shaping were perceived as equally effective. Further analysis of the data showed that group treatment was generally superior to individual treatment [56]. The authors also stressed the intensity of treatment and advocated at least periods of intensive treatment, something which contrasts strongly with common treatment approaches in Germany. Most patients nominally receive a single session per week, in reality less due to holidays and illness on the part of either patient or therapist. Relevant characteristics of treatment such as the use of fluency shaping techniques, the intensive character of therapy over weeks, and the interval character are realised both in the Kasseler Stutter Therapy [45] and in the therapy studied here [47]. Euler et al. [45] reported on about 400 clients and followed 69 of them for more than 1 year. Disfluency rates collected in four different speech situations were reduced from 12.6% SS before therapy to 1.6% after therapy and remained in the following 3 years between 3.2 and 3.8% SS in those who could be examined. Subjective stuttering data (self-rating of stuttering severity and of avoidance of speech or speech situations) reflected the same trends, but to a lesser extent.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Auditory Processing Disorder
- Speech Perception
- Psychological Nativism
- Stuttering
- Uncertainty
- Thought
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