Nutritional Requirements in Extreme Sports
Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi in Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Deviances from these recommended macronutrient reference ranges may be detrimental to health and promote the development of chronic diseases (Shikany and White 2000). Most notably, the “Western diet”, which contains an abundance of highly processed and refined carbohydrates and oils, has been implicated in the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease (Hou et al. 2015), high blood pressure (Geleijnse, Grobbee, and Kok 2005), type 2 diabetes (Qi et al. 2009), and some cancers (Haggar and Boushey 2009). When combined with the reduced energy expenditure of a sedentary lifestyle, overconsumption is easily accomplished. Following excessive Calorie intake, such as after consuming a high-fat and high-carbohydrate meal, metabolic dysregulation sets in the form of postprandial oxidative stress which can potentially alter intracellular signaling (Bloomer et al. 2010). Chronic overconsumption may lead to obesity and the development of associated chronic co-morbidities such as insulin resistance (Cordain et al. 2005), which is a metabolic dysregulation in the form of cell-to-cell signaling (Pessin and Saltiel 2000). Repeated bouts with these metabolic abnormalities can make it more difficult to return to a healthy homeostasis, as successive deviations distance the new metabolic state from the initial metabolic state (Oken, Chamine, and Wakeland 2015).
Dental Disease, Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Nutrition and Nutritional Supplements
Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston in Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Nutrition plays a key role in overall health and can help the host moderate genetic factors and improve health when systemic issues are present. Nutrients also have a major impact on periodontal health.178–180 The influence of the traditional diet on the formation of oxidative stress caused by bacterial biofilm in the oral cavity has a direct causative action on inflammation intraorally and systemically. Diets that contain high sugar, high saturated fat, low fiber and low polyunsaturated fat causes an increased risk of periodontal diseases. This is classically found in the Western diet, a diet that is considered an ‘unhealthy’ diet contributing to the cause/exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other health issues. Conversely, diets that contain low sugar, high fiber and high omega-6-to-omega-3 fatty acid ratio reduce the risk of periodontal diseases. These include the Mediterranean and vegetarian diets. These diets are considered “healthy” diets and have been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer.
Diet and IBS
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck in Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
So, the overarching goal should be to eat as varied a diet as possible, rich in whole, natural foods from lots of different categories to maintain nutrition, weight, a diverse microbiome, and overall health. That does not mean, however, that dietary changes can’t help. Dietary changes can sometimes be useful in helping you minimize some of the discomfort associated with GI symptoms. Moving away from an impoverished, processed food, Western diet reduces inflammation throughout the body, lowers your risk of heart disease and many cancers, and may well improve your microbiome and digestive health as well. There are some basic principles that are usually helpful for most people to understand and incorporate into their dietary choices. There are also some specific food choices that many (but not all!) people with GI problems can benefit from. Below I detail some of the most common recommendations for IBS sufferers and why they might or might not make sense for you. But the most important thing to keep in mind is that even if a particular food does cause some intestinal discomfort, it’s not a disaster. Keep in mind that the same food may well cause the same kind of intestinal discomfort to someone without IBS. If you don’t panic at the first twinge, if you don’t assume the worst, mild discomfort usually passes on its own.
Metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome reveals the association between the abundance of gut bile salt hydrolases and host health
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Baolei Jia, Dongbin Park, Yoonsoo Hahn, Che Ok Jeon
A “Western” diet that is high in fats and low in fiber contributes to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Obesity is a major risk factor for T2D and accounts for 90–95% of all diabetes cases.20 The concentration of BAs increased in the patients with obesity or T2D; modulation of BA levels and signaling has been recognized as a potent therapeutic approach to treat these diseases.21 We compared the abundance of BSHs in the gut between patients and controls. The results showed that Cluster 3 was significantly increased in the obesity cohort from Denmark (n = 169, n = 123 CTRLs, p = 0.021). Similarly, the abundance of enzymes from Cluster 1 was increased in the gut of patients with T2D, compared to that in case of the cohort from China (n = 187, n = 183 CTRLs, p = 0.028). Interestingly, both the clusters contained enzymes with the N-terminal signal peptides. Furthermore, the increased level of enzymes from these two clusters is consistent with the increased level of total BAs in the patients.
Sucrose drinking mimics effects of nucleus accumbens µ-opioid receptor stimulation on fat intake and brain c-Fos-expression
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
L.L. Koekkoek, A. Masís-Vargas, T. Kool, L. Eggels, L.L. van der Gun, K. Lamuadni, M. Slomp, C. Diepenbroek, A. Kalsbeek, S.E. la Fleur
A Western diet, typically containing large amounts of saturated fat and added sugar, is thought to be one of the main contributors to the current obesity epidemic [1]. While attempts were made to unravel whether specifically saturated fat or sugar consumption negatively affects health, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that it might be the combination of fat and sugar that is responsible for a synergistic and negative effect on energy metabolism [2–5]. For example, we found in healthy men that a hypercaloric high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet altered the brain’s serotonergic system in a way that a hypercaloric high-fat (HF) diet does not [2]. Furthermore, subjects were willing to pay more for a high-fat high-sucrose reward than for a high-fat or a high-sucrose reward, and this was associated with greater activation of the brain’s reward system [3]. In rodent studies, a choice diet that consisted of a dish of fat, a sucrose solution, and regular chow induced persistent hyperphagia, whereas having only a dish of fat or a sucrose solution in addition to a regular chow diet did not have this effect [4,5].
Urolithiasis in immigrant groups: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2019
Per Wändell, Axel C. Carlsson, Xinjun Li, Danijela Gasevic, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Urolithiasis is a global problem. Historically, bladder stones have been known and treated since long ago, even if renal stones are more common nowadays [3]. However, the incidence and prevalence of kidney stones in particular are increasing globally [4], including in subgroups of sex, race, and age [5]. The figures of prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis in different regions and countries of the world do differ, with traditionally higher rates in the Western world [6], but there are large differences in the estimated levels even within countries, at least partly depending on methodological issues. Urolithiasis is more common among men than women [6,7], and background dietary risk factors for urolithiasis also differ by age and sex [6]. The global rise in especially kidney stones may be due to different factors [7], such as aging populations, changes in diet, and global warming [8], but also with higher registering of events owing to the use of more accurate diagnostic tools. In many non-Western countries, a shift to more Western diet habits seem to contribute to the changes [7], thus paralleling the increase in e.g. diabetes prevalence.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dairy Product
- Processed Meat
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- Candy
- Butter
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- Potato
- Maize
- Fruit
- Vegetable