Integrative Nutritional Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
Mary J. Marian, Gerard E. Mullin in Integrating Nutrition Into Practice, 2017
Coenzyme-Q10 (aka, CoQ10 or ubiquinol) is critical for energy production in heart cells by serving as intermediate electron shuttle in the electron transport chain during the production of ATP. Additionally, CoQ10 has antioxidant properties that may help prevent the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent heart disease, in part due to its interaction with paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), which helps mediate HDL oxidation and function in reverse cholesterol transport [250]. Patients with some forms of heart disease, including congestive heart failure, have been found to have significantly lower serum concentrations of CoQ10 than healthy individuals [251], and a small trial in 39 patients demonstrated improved exercise tolerance and reduced shortness of breath and other symptoms in these patients [252]. CoQ10 has shown promising benefit in decreasing triglycerides in instances where conventional therapy and fish oils have failed [253]. CoQ10 may also be a valuable anti-hypertensive, and, according to a meta-analysis of several clinical trials, may lower blood pressure by as much as 17 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic [254]. Small trials have also found CoQ10 to be useful in some arrhythmias and angina [255,256]. Notably, CoQ10 may reduce the risk of a second event [257].
Implication of Mitochondrial Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) in Alzheimer’s Disease *
Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi in Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
In its reduced form (CoQ10·H2), CoQ10 is an effective fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes and lipoproteins from oxidation. Ubiquinol (CoQ10·H2) exerts its antioxidative property primarily by diminishing the generation of lipid peroxyl radicals (LOO·), whereas vitamin E exerts its effect mainly by quenching these radicals. The preventive activity of ubiquinol is attributable to the reduction of the initiating perferryl radical, subsequently with the formation of ubisemiquinone and H2O2. In addition, ubiquinol also acts by eliminating LOO·, either directly or through the regeneration of vitamin E from the α-tocopheroxyl radical, a process that otherwise must rely on access to water-soluble antioxidants like ascorbate [30].
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids: Introduction, Definitions and Regulatory Issues
Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell in Nutritional Ergogenic Aids, 2004
The cell membrane mainly consists of phospholipids and proteins. It is believed that ubiquinol plays an important role in protecting the membrane from lipid peroxidation (deterioration). It may act as either an independent antioxidant or a co-antioxidant with vitamin E and C.5,20 It has been suggested that ubiquinol may prevent both the initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation, possibly because of its lipidphilic property and location in the membrane that allows its access to the proton-motive Q cycle. Vitamin E acts exclusively in inhibition of the propagation of lipid peroxidation.8 After quenching a free radical, CoQ10 can be recycled within plasma membranes and cytosol by quinone reductase.5 It has also been shown that ubiquinol provides protection for proteins and DNA against oxidative damage.8
The therapeutic effects of coenzyme Q10 on surgically induced endometriosis in Sprague Dawley rats
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Saadet Özen Akarca-Dizakar, Mürşide Ayşe Demirel, Neslihan Coşkun Akçay, Mehmet Sipahi, Lale Karakoç Sökmensüer, Hakan Boyunaga, Ayse Köylü, Suna Ömeroğlu
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinol-10, and/or ubiquinone-10) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent and by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation, it reduces OS (Rahmani et al. 2018; Testai et al. 2021). CoQ10 is located close to unsaturated lipid chains in membranes and acts as a major scavenger of free radicals (Kunitomo et al. 2008). CoQ10 is an important cofactor in the mitochondrial electron transport system, and plays a role in the production of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation (Kunitomo et al. 2008; Rahmani et al. 2018). Many previous studies proved that CoQ10 is antioxidant (Hargreaves 2014; Liu et al. 2015; Giannubilo et al. 2018), anti-inflammatory (Ben‐Meir et al. 2015; Turk et al. 2017), anti-diabetic (Amin et al. 2014) and anti-carcinogenic (Yuvaraj et al. 2009; Fouad et al. 2013). Especially, many studies have promising evidence of the beneficial effect of CoQ10 therapy on various disorders related to OS and inflammation (Perez-Sanchez et al. 2017; Zhang et al. 2013; Jhun et al. 2015). It is known that the administration of CoQ10 may increase the reproductive capacity by making a positive effect on oocytes, and granulosa/cumulus cells, and improve ovulation rate- and/or the uterine tissue (Ben‐Meir et al. 2015). Considering the constructive effects of CoQ10 on the reproductive system, inflammation, and OS, it may prevent the formation and progression of endometriosis foci. We aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of different doses of CoQ10 in a rat endometriosis model and to compare the effect of the GnRH agonist.
Current biochemical treatments of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2019
Robert Heaton, Lauren Millichap, Fatima Saleem, Jennifer Gannon, Gemma Begum, Iain P. Hargreaves
To date, there have only been a limited number of clinical trials that have assessed the efficacy of CoQ10 in the treatment of MRC disorders. Unfortunately, the results of these studies have been equivocal with no overall clinical benefit being reported. Although the low bioavailability and dosages of the CoQ10 formulations used in these studies together with the short durations of the trials may have contributed to the ambiguity of these results [19–21]. Typically, doses of CoQ10 in the range, 5–50mg/kg/day are recommended for the treatment of patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency and soluble formulations of this agent are suggested rather than tablet forms in view of their higher bioavailability [13,18]. Furthermore, water-soluble formulations of ubiquinol, the reduced form of CoQ10 have been reported to have better absorption and tissue and mitochondrial uptake than CoQ10 and therefore, may prove to be a more effective therapeutic agent than CoQ10 [22].
Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility: An updated review of literature
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2018
Hillary Wagner, Julie W. Cheng, Edmund Y. Ko
Non-enzymatic antioxidants are endogenously produced or consumed from food or supplements. Glutathione is a free radical scavenger found in high levels of developing spermatocytes and spermatids [45] that also acts as a coenzyme for GPX. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a water-soluble vitamin that neutralises ROS and may protect against DNA damage in sperm [49]. Tocopherol (vitamin E) is a fat-soluble vitamin that reduces lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa [49]. Selenium and zinc are trace elements. Selenium serves as a cofactor to certain isoforms of GPX [5] and zinc may provide protection against lipid oxidation [50]. Lycopene, a carotenoid, is localised to the prostate and testicles and may protect against ischaemia–reperfusion tissue injury [51]. However, lycopene has not been detected in semen [49]. Ubiquinol, found within seminal plasma, is the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 and has been associated with lower levels of ROS and a corresponding increase in sperm count and motility [52].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antioxidant
- Bioenergetics
- Coenzyme Q10
- Isoprene
- Ketone
- Semiquinone
- Redox
- Vitamin
- Hydroxy Group
- Chemical Polarity