Methods for Sequence Determination
Roger L. Lundblad in Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 2020
The aliquots removed at each cycle are dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5. Two successive 2-μl portions of 0.1 M NaHCO3 are added and dried to remove ammonia. Dansyl chloride solution (1 μl of a 1:1 mixture of water and a solution of 2.5 mg dansyl chloride per ml acetone) is added and the sample incubated at 37°C for 1 h. After drying, 5 μl of 6 N HCl is added. The tube is sealed and the peptide is hydrolyzed at 105°C for 16 h. The dansyl amino acids are identified by 2-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on 5 x 5 cm polyamide sheets.10 A fine capillary is used for sample application to keep the spot as small as possible. A mixture of standards is run on the reverse side of the sheet. The solvent for the first dimension is 1.5% (v/v) formic acid. In the second dimension benzene/acetic acid 9:1 (or less toxic toluene/acetic acid 10:1) is run, followed in the same direction by ethyl acetate/methanol/acetic acid 20:1:1. The plate is dried and examined under UV light after each step. Resolution of certain spots may require a fourth solvent, 0.05 M trisodium phosphate/ethanol 3:1, also run in the second direction. As in the subtractive method, glutamine and asparagine are deamidated during hydrolysis. The thiazolinones may be recovered from the organic solvent, converted to the phenylthiohydantoins, and identified by one of the methods described later.
Operation Theatre: Design and Sterilization
Pradeep Venkatesh in Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
Housekeeping is an important factor for ensuring proper asepsis in the OR. This involves care of the walls, ceilings, floor, vents, light fixtures, shelves, furniture, and sink areas. Ideally, the floor should be sprayed and a wet vacuum pickup used between surgical procedures and at the end of the day. An alternative but a less effective method is to mop (with a clean head every time) using a two-bucket system. Spot cleaning of walls and the ceiling should be undertaken as needed every day. Doors and switches should be cleaned with a germicidal detergent. Open shelves need to be cleaned daily with a detergent, whereas closed cabinets may be cleaned once weekly. The sink area should be cleaned several times daily and kept as dry as possible. The spray heads on the faucets should also be cleaned daily. The outside of autoclaves is cleaned daily, and the inside surface is cleaned weekly. Inside cleaning needs use of trisodium phosphate to remove chemical residue. Furniture used during a surgical procedure needs to be wiped with a detergent (germicide) at the end of each case and cleaned thoroughly at the end of the day. The same applies to spotlights and other portable equipment, stretchers, and kick buckets. The laundry bin should be removed immediately after it fills up. Kick buckets should be steam cleaned weekly. Before removing gloves, the scrub nurse should place all soiled linen inside the laundry bin. Soiled linen should never be left on the floor or transported on a trolley used for other purposes, and it must never be handled without wearing protective gloves. Liquid waste materials such as the contents of the suction bottle should never be disposed of in a scrub sink or utility sink but only into a container meant for the purpose.
Human Noroviruses
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Trisodium phosphate (TSP, pH ∼12) at 2% and 5% when used as a produce wash on lettuce and peppers reportedly reduced MNV-1 titers at an initial titer of 5 log PFU/mL by 3 log PFU/mL and to undetectable levels, respectively, after 30 seconds.183 TSP at 2% could reduce FCV-F9 to nondetectable levels after 30 seconds.159
Multiple response optimisation of processing and formulation parameters of pH sensitive sustained release pellets of capecitabine for targeting colon
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Sonia Pandey, S. M. Vijayendra Swamy, Arti Gupta, Akshay Koli, Swagat Patel, Furqan Maulvi, Bhavin Vyas
The study was performed to evaluate the effect of coating levels and the pH of the dissolution media on the in vitro release of drug from the coated pellets. The in vitro drug release study of the coated pellets (CP1–CP9, equivalent to 500 mg of CAP) was carried out using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) type I apparatus (Method 1, USP 23, delayed release dosage form). The initial 2 h drug release study was conducted in 750 ml of 0.1 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (pH 1.2, 100 rpm, 37 ± 0.5 °C). After 2 h, 250 ml of 0.2 M trisodium phosphate was added to the above dissolution medium and the pH was adjusted to 6.8, which was considered for the colon-targeted drug delivery tablets (Kulthe et al. 2013). The samples were withdrawn at regular time intervals and the concentration of the drug released was analysed using Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometer at 240 nm. The release profiles of the drug were determined by the plotting graphs of percentage drug release versus time and there by the t99% values were calculated.
A community-based intervention for low-income families to reduce children’s blood lead levels between 3–9.9 μg/Dl
Published in Children's Health Care, 2018
Families receiving a cleaning kit were given cleaning tools (e.g., Riccar Radiance HEPA vacuum, two buckets, Trisodium phosphate [TSP] detergent, gloves, shop towels, washrags) and a two-page instruction on proper ways to clean that elaborated on the cleaning brochures received by all groups (Channing L. Bete Co., 1997). Researchers read the entire two page instruction document in person, which encouraged families to implement specific cleaning strategies weekly, such as using a HEPA vacuum, a 2 bucket cleaning system, TSP cleaning solution to mop and dust, and wet-dusting instead of dry-dusting. Frequent and thorough cleaning was encouraged with a focus on cleaning where children spend most of their time and where lead dust often accumulates, such as window sills and door frames (Rich et al., 2002).
Nanosuspension coated multiparticulates for controlled delivery of albendazole
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Monica R. P. Rao, Rohit Vidyadhar Godbole, Sameer G. Borate, Sanskar Mahajan, Tejal Gangwal
The Eudragit coated Espheres (equivalent to 50 mg drug) were placed in a dialysis membrane (Himedia-10K MWCO pore sizes: ∼10–100 Å, Mumbai, India) and a pouch was fashioned out of the membrane which was tied to the paddle shaft of USP type II dissolution apparatus at 37 ± 0.5 °C and 50 rpm using 750 ml of 0.1 N HCl for first 2 h. It was followed by addition of 150 ml of a 0.2 M solution of trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate to adjust pH to 6.8 ± 0.05. At predetermined intervals, aliquots of 5 ml were filtered using Whatman’s filter paper (0.45 μm) and absorbance was measured by UV spectrophotometry at 295 nm. The medium was replaced with equal volume of fresh dissolution fluid [31,32].
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