Micronutrients
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-mineral (metalloid) for human life. Selenium exists as inorganic salts such as sodium selenite or sodium selenate which are often used for the preparation of Se supplements. Selenate is classified as toxic for the organism. In plants and animals, Se often occurs in organic forms such as selenoproteins, selenoenzymes, or amino acids. In humans, Se forms the active site of several antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodinase, formate dehydrogenase, glycine reductase, and so on. It is also present in many selenoproteins, one of which is selenoprotein P. Se is also a component of the amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine, in which Se replaces sulfur (S) of methionine and cysteine respectively. Se is required for immune function and for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. At low doses, the health benefits of Se are as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic. Se also assists enzymes in protecting cell membranes from damage by oxidative stress. During infection, stress, or tissue injury, selenoenzymes can protect cell membranes against the harmful effects of oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or oxygen radicals (3–4, 8, 20–24).
Effects of selenium on SePP and Apo B-100 Gene expressions in human primary hepatocytes
Robert Hofstra, Noriyuki Koibuchi, Suthat Fucharoen in Advances in Biomolecular Medicine, 2017
Our result of increasing mRNA expression of SePP after sodium selenite supplementation in Hc cells was in agreement with the previous study. Hill, et.al, 2012 demonstrated that selective deletion of SePP in hepatocytes decreased plasma SePP concentration in mice fed a selenium-adequate diet leads to major changes in whole-body selenium metabolism. Those changes in metabolism disrupt selenium supply to extra-hepatic tissues were deteriorated in dietary selenium deficiency. (7). The liver has a greater supply of the element than do other tissues, this makes it is well appropriate to regulate whole-body selenium metabolism (Kato et al., 1992). Sodium selenite, an inorganic form of selenium, is well established as a dietary supplement, and its consumption has increased over the past few years (15).
Deficiency of Mineral Nutrients for Mankind
Jul Låg in Geomedicine, 2017
The biological role of selenium is considered in the context of the protection offered by this nutrient against oxygen radical-induced damage to cellular structures. Clinical effects of selenium deficiency have been reported from a district in The People’s Republic of China where selenium intake is extremely low. Chinese investigators showed that selenium deficiency is one of the principal factors responsible for Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy mainly affecting children and women of child-bearing age.13,14 Supplementation with sodium selenite was shown to be effective in reducing the incidence, morbidity, and fatality of the disease. A similar condition was later described in subjects administered total parenteral nutrition without selenium supplementation.15,16 A large number of selenium-deficient diseases are described in veterinary medicine.17 Mulberry heart disease seen in pigs, white muscle disease in sheep, and exudative diathesis in poultry brought about great economic loss.
Selenium supplementation suppresses immunological and serological features of lupus in B6.Sle1b mice
Published in Autoimmunity, 2019
Chetna Soni, Indu Sinha, Melinda J. Fasnacht, Nancy J. Olsen, Ziaur S.M. Rahman, Raghu Sinha
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and micronutrient that is required for several aspects of human health. Sodium selenite (Sel) and selenate are inorganic forms found in the soil that are converted in plants to organic forms, including selenomethionine (SM) and selenocysteine and numerous other related compounds (Institute of Medicine U.S. Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, 2000). Sel and selenate are also components of dietary supplements [22]. SM represents the major form of Se in cereals and other plant crops, as well as in other supplements. Se-methylselenocysteine (MSC), another organic form of Se, can be found in broccoli, garlic and onions, especially when grown under Se-rich conditions [23], methylseleninic acid (MSeA) is a second generation oxidized monomethylated form of Se. All these Se forms have mainly been studied thus far for their potent anti-tumor activity by inhibiting cell proliferation of several cancers [24–29].
Antibacterial activity of Blumea axillaris synthesized selenium nanoparticles against multidrug resistant pathogens of aquatic origin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Jyoti Prakash Dash, Lopamudra Mani, Sukanta Kumar Nayak
The synthesis of the Se NPs was confirmed by a change in color to brick-red. Solutions containing stem and root extracts of B. axillaris plant indicated the synthesis of Se NPs after keeping them on the orbital shaker for a period of 24–36 h. Further three different salt (sodium selenite) concentrations were used, i.e. 0.1 M, 0.01 M, and 0.001 M. Both stem and root extracts of B. axillaris synthesized Se NPs from 0.1 M sodium selenite . On the contrary, salts with 0.01 M as well as 0.001 M had no and/or poor synthesis of Se NPs. In case of 0.001 M sodium selenite, none of the plant parts exhibited synthesis of Se NPs as no significant color change was observed. Similarly at higher concentration of sodium selenite, i.e. 0.1 M, there was a very poor development of color for the root extract indicating very less synthesis of Se NPs. In case of the stem extract the color change was very slow and though the final color became reddish, it was not much prominent.
Selenium-containing protein from selenium-enriched Spirulina platensis antagonizes oxygen glucose deprivation-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting ROS-mediated oxidative damage through regulating MPTP opening
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Xiaojie Song, Lijun Zhang, Xin Hui, Xiangfu Sun, Juntao Yang, Jinlei Wang, Hualian Wu, Xianjun Wang, Zuncheng Zheng, Fengyuan Che, Guojun Wang
Spirulina platensis cells were cultured in 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 500 mL Zarrouk medium under indicated conditions (28–30 °C, 4000 lx light and 14:10 h light:dark cycle). According to a previous report, Se-enriched S. platensis was cultured by adding selenium step by step (Fan et al. 2012). In brief, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), an inorganic form of Se, was added to the culture medium on days-7, day-8, and day-9, respectively. The final accumulative concentration of Se was 450 mg/L. The morphology and fluorescent feature of S. platensis cells were respectively observed by phase-contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope. On day-11, S. platensis cells with and without Se were collected and lyophilised at −20 °C for subsequent experiments.
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