Plant Source Foods
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
A grape is a berry fruit of the vines (Vitis) originally from the Mediterranean region. There are a few thousand varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes; some of them have commercial values. Grape is eaten fresh or processed to make wine, jam, juice, jelly, raisins, grape seed extract, grape seed oil, and vinegar. Grape berries contain three major types of tissue: skin, flesh, and seeds (77–78). Grapes have high soluble healthy sugar, fiber, and water content. They are a rich source of vitamins: B1, B2, B5, B6, C, K, and minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium) (77–78). Grape berries are very rich in potassium (78). Grapes also contain a variety of colored phenolic antioxidants such as anthocyanidins and resveratrol which are responsible for the color of purple grapes and red wines (72, 77–78). Grapes grow in clusters, and their colors vary from yellow, green, orange, pink to crimson, dark blue, and black. The darker the colors, the richer the grapes are in antioxidants.
Alternative and Complementary Treatments
Harold G. Koenig in Chronic Pain, 2013
This treatment has for many years been suggested as a home remedy for the treatment of arthritis pain. One box of golden light raisins is layered at the bottom of a 10-inch by 16-inch pan. A pint of gin is poured over the raisins to completely cover them. The raisins must be allowed to sit uncovered immersed in gin for approximately seven days until the gin completely evaporates. Recommended dose is to eat nine raisins per day for pain relief. If there is no relief after one or two months, then future benefits are unlikely. There may be scientific reasons for the benefits of this treatment. Raisins contain a certain amount of pain-relieving salicylate (the active ingredient in aspirin), which the gin may help to concentrate. No studies have examined the effectiveness of this method, although there are plenty of testimonies from individuals that it works (for humans and animals!).6
The classical age in countries that are now leaders in herbal medicine
C. P. Khare in Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
Linseed: Linseed is not only used in combination with other ingredients, but also by itself removes spots on women’s faces, and its juice benefits the eyesight. With frankincense and water or with myrrh and wine it relieves fluxes from the eyes, parotid abscesses with honey or grease or wax, fluxes from the stomach when sprinkled in water like pearl barley, and quinsies when boiled in water and oil and applied externally with anise. It is roasted to check looseness of the bowels. For coeliac trouble and dysentery it is applied in vinegar. For pains of the liver it is eaten with raisins; for consumption electuaries are made from the seed with very useful results. Linseed meal, with soda or salt or ash added, softens indurations of the muscles, sinews, joints and nape of the neck, as well as the membranes of the brain. With a fig it also opens and brings to a head a parotid abscess; with the root moreover of wild cucumber it extracts bodies sticking into the flesh, including pieces of broken bone. Boiled in wine it prevents a sore from spreading, and with honey checks eruptions of phlegm. With an equal part of cress it cures scabrous nails, with resin and myrrh complaints of the testes and hernia, and in water gangrene. Stomach ache is cured by a decoction of one sextarius of linseed with an equal quantity of fenugreek in hydromel, and dangerous maladies of the intestines and lower trunk by an enema of linseed in oil or honey.
Protective effect of raisin (currant) against spatial memory impairment and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease model
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Mohammad Gol, Davoud Ghorbanian, Nabiollah Soltanpour, Jamshid Faraji, Mohsen Pourghasem
In the present study, for the evaluation of learning and memory, MWT and passive avoidance tests were utilized as behavioural models. Aluminium exposure resulted in the decrease of spatial memory and significantly increased the time to reach the hidden platform. The results agreed with the previous study43 which reported that Al exposure had a neurodegenerating effect which resulted in learning deficits. Raisin treatment during Al exposure decreased the time to reach the hidden platform so that the raisin group had the lowest time and the Al-treated group had the highest time. The mean swim speed in the Al group during various days is more than other groups which resulted in highest path length among presented groups. In probe day, the time spent on the target quadrant significantly decreased in the Al-treated group compared to other groups. In the passive avoidance test, retention trial time decreased in the Al-treated group, which is in agreed with the previous studies.44 In general, rats treated with Al showed impairment in their spatial memory. Acetylcholine is responsible with short-term memory. In Al exposed animals, Al can induce disorder in cholinergic neurotransmission leading to memory alterations.45 The result showed that the raisin can reduce the harmful effect of Al on learning and memory. Eventually, it can be deduced that by utilizing raisins the memory of rats can be improved.
Betel nut: the prevalence of a carcinogenic substance as a social food—a study based on Xiangtan, Hunan province, China
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Hong Wen, Hong Zheng, Lifang Li, Fengshan Li, Sheng Mingke
After the reform and opening up, the BN industry in the Xiangtan area has entered a period of rapid development, which also promoted the local economic development. During this period, betel nut enterprises began to produce BN in production and standardization, and gradually formed a systematic processing method. The main processing steps include the following aspects: First, the cleaned fresh areca nuts are pickled by bittern (a highly mineralized water containing lime), cassia twig oil (Zhang et al., 2012), flavorings, sweeteners (IARC, 2012), preservative and other substances. After that, they are cut into appropriate size, removing the core, and finally dried and sterilized. In this process, the materials and processes used in different production processes are slightly different. For example, some products will add wolfberries or raisins after pitting to increase their flavor.
Forced desynchronization model for a diurnal primate
Published in Chronobiology International, 2018
Crhistiane A. Silva, Laís I. M Melo, Alina R. Pires, Jordana C. Barbalho, Andreia V. Melo, Diego A. C. Fernandes, Everly B. Oliveira, Carolina V. M. Azevedo, Trinitat Cambras, Antoni Díez-Noguera, John Fontenele-Araujo
The animals were kept in individual cages, but with visual, auditory and olfactory contact between them. Each cage contained a PVC pipe food dispenser, pot for raisins, water bowl, wood perches and nest box. Water, feed (Purina® - Deli Dog) and raisins were provided ad libitum. Food was provided twice a day at irregular times to avoid synchronization, between 6 and 11 am and 12:30 and 6 pm. Animals received a nutritional mixture (milk, boiled eggs, bread, water, sugar and banana reinforced with vitamins A and D and amino acids) in the morning and a portion of seasonal fruits or baked sweet potatoes in the afternoon. In addition to the food provided in the afternoon, animals were given gum arabic, boiled egg, sunflower seeds and Tenebrio molitor larvae three times a week, and granola four times a week as a nutritional supplement and environmental enrichment.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dietary Fiber
- Potassium Carbonate
- Protein
- Sulfur Dioxide
- Carbohydrate
- Grape
- Sultana
- Food Drying
- Berry
- Fat