Food Types, Dietary Supplements, and Roles
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Actually, many questions are often posed about the difference in nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals) between organic foods and non-organic foods. The responses are found mixed in the literature. According to Dangour et al. (13) and some other authors (17), there is no evidence of a difference in nutrient quality between organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs after a systematic review of studies of satisfactory quality. The small differences in nutrient content detected are biologically plausible and mostly relate to differences in production methods. However, some studies have recently concluded that organic production methods lead to increases in nutrients, particularly organic acids and polyphenolic compounds, many of which are considered to have potential human health benefits as antioxidants (14–16, 18–19). According to a recent systematic literature review and meta-analysis (16), there is evidence that higher antioxidant concentrations and lower toxic cadmium metal concentrations are linked to specific agronomic practices (e.g., non-use of mineral nitrate and phosphate fertilizers) prescribed in organic foods. These authors concluded that organic crops, on average, have higher concentrations of antioxidants and lower concentrations of cadmium than non-organic crops (16).
Introduction to the organic acidemias
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop in Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
Organic acid analysis is often confounded by the presence of compounds arising from intestinal bacterial metabolites, pharmacologic agents, nutritional supplements or nutritional deficiency. A compendium of metabolites found on organic acid analysis in inborn errors of metabolism and in other situations has been published by Kumps et al. [18]. Some of the common confounding metabolites are shown in Table 1.3. Organic acid analysis is commonly ordered on patients during illness, and many illnesses are accompanied by ketosis with its elevated excretion of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. Accompanying ketosis are increases in the excretion of 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate and dicarboxylic acids including long-chain 3-hydroxy compounds. In this way, the pattern may be mistaken for long-chain 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency (Chapter 41), but of course in LCHAD deficiency ketonuria is inappropriately low. This distinction also rules out other disorders of fatty acid oxidation suggested by the dicarboxylic aciduria. In disorders of fatty acid oxidation, ketonuria may be present, but the ratio of urinary adipic to 3-hydroxybutyric acid is >0.5 [19]. Lactic acidemia and lactic aciduria may also be confusing because of associated increase not only in pyruvic acid, but also the branched chain keto and hydroxy acids, as found in defects of the E3 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
Main Chemical Constituents of Bupleurum Genus
Sheng-Li Pan in Bupleurum Species, 2006
The sterols from Bupleurum are stigmasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, Δ22-stigmastenol, a-spinasterol, and β-sitosterol. Organic acids are petroselic acid, petrolidic acid, angelic acid, linolenic acid, lignoceric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid (Tomimatsu, 1969; Pan et al., 2002). One new chromone named saikochromone A has also been reported (Kobayashi et al., 1990; Figure 7.7). Structures of phillyrin and wenchuanensin.The structure of flavonoids in Bupleurum.The structure of saikochromone a.
The Association between the Preservative Agents in Foods and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Fardin Javanmardi, Jamal Rahmani, Fatemeh Ghiasi, Hadi Hashemi Gahruie, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Sorbic acid prevents the growth of microorganisms over an extensive range of pH, particularly above 6 (53). This organic acid is widely used in cheeses, bakery goods, beverages, and other dairy products. According to various studies owing to the rapid metabolizing pathway of sorbic acid, it could pose low toxic effects (54). Catabolizing pathway of sorbate is similar to other fatty acids (54,55). However, this acid can interfere owing to further interactions with other preservatives and dietary ingredients which consequently can produce free radicals. Despite the DNA damaging agents produced by sorbate, based on in vitro investigations, it can result in the immune activity by IFN-γ induction (16,19). In this context, JECFA has established an ADI of 0–25 mg/kg for sorbic acid and the related salts (52).
Rhizobacterial biofilm and plant growth promoting trait enhancement by organic acids and sugars
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Jishma Panichikkal, Radhakrishnan Edayileveetil Krishnankutty
The quantitative estimation of phosphate was analyzed using the malachite green phosphate assay. For this, selected rhizobacteria were inoculated into 10 ml of Pikovskaya's (PVK) broth amended with 5.0 g l−1 of tricalcium phosphate. Organic acids (succinic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid) and sugars (sucrose, lactose, galactose, arabinose, and dextrose) were added into the medium as described above. All the tubes were incubated at room temperature on a shaking incubator for 10 days. After incubation, the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation at 11,180 g for 5 min using 50 ml tubes (REMI CPR-23 PLUS, Remi Elektrotechnik Limited, Thane, Maharashtra, India). The soluble phosphate in the supernatant was estimated using a malachite green phosphate assay kit (MAK307; Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). Here, 80 μl of supernatant and K2HPO4 as a standard (4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40 μM) were transferred into separate wells of a 96-well microtiter plate and 20 μl of working reagent (prepared as per the manufacturer’s instructions) were added to each well and mixed gently. The plates were kept at room temperature for 30 min for color development before the absorbance at 620 nm was measured using a Varioskan Flash spectral scanning multimode reader (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland) (Chauhan et al. 2017; Shulse et al. 2019).
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Yuxi Yue, Kai Zhong, Yanping Wu, Hong Gao
Organic acids have long been applied to prevent food contamination and the dissemination of food-related bacteria (Ricke 2003). Specifically, the utilization of organic acids to combat L. monocytogenes has been reported. Lactic acid can effectively reduce the L. monocytogenes population on spinach surfaces during refrigerated storage (Chhetri et al. 2019). Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (PCA, Figure 1A), a familiar metabolic product of organisms, is also known to have antimicrobic properties (Chen et al. 2015; Nguyen et al. 2015). Recently, PCA has been isolated from the metabolites of an endophyte bacterium, and its yield greatly increased by fermentation optimization. Encouragingly, PCA exhibited apparent bacteriostasis against L. monocytogenes, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.75 mg ml−1 (Yue et al. 2022). Nevertheless, little is known about the potential antibiofilm efficacy of PCA against L. monocytogenes. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to clarify whether and how PCA influences L. monocytogenes biofilm by evaluating the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity and viability of biofilm cells, and biofilm morphology. The impact of PCA on EPS secretion and hemolytic activity of L. monocytogenes was also assessed. Furthermore, the practical application of PCA to inactivate L. monocytogenes adhesion to common food-contact surfaces was evaluated.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acid
- Carboxylic Acid
- Enol
- Organic Compound
- Sulfonic Acid
- Lactic Acid
- Hydroxy Group
- Conjugate
- Thiol
- Phenol