Metabolic disorders
Rachel U Sidwell, Mike A Thomson in Concise Paediatrics, 2020
Organic acids are produced though the removal of the amino group (nitrogen) from amino acids. They are metabolized in the cell to produce energy. Enzyme defects in these pathways lead to an accumulation of the preceding organic acids. This occurs particularly during periods of increased protein turnover from: Dietary sources, orIntercurrent illness (endogenous catabolism ↑)Early neonatal period (a natural physiological catabolism occurs making this a particularly vulnerable time)
Choerospondias axillaris (Hog plum)
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Wild Plants, 2020
The sweet and sour taste of C. axillaris is mainly due to the significant amount of organic acid present in it. The content of total organic acid amounts up to 8.13%. Citric acid and L-malic acid (Figure 12.1) are two main organic acids of C. axillaris, the content of which accounted for 26.36% and 22.95% of total organic acids, respectively. These organic acids have cardioprotective effects (Tang et al. 2013, Xiaogeng and Yousheng 2000). Besides citric and malic acids, the fruits are rich in vitamin C (Shah 1978). The vitamin C contents are significantly different in the ultrasonic treatment and the non-ultrasound treatment when measured by the xylene-dichloro-indophenol colorimetry. The average content of vitamin C with the ultrasound treatment group and no ultrasound treatment group are 51.626 mg/mL and 33.113 mg/mL, respectively (Jun et al. 2012). Other organic acids and their derivatives reported in C. axillaris are quininic acid, succinic acid, monoglyceride citrate, methylcitrate, comenic acid, triethyl citrate, 2-isopropyl malic acid, and jasmonic acid (Figure 12.1).
Main Chemical Constituents of Bupleurum Genus
Sheng-Li Pan in Bupleurum Species, 2006
The sterols from Bupleurum are stigmasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, Δ22-stigmastenol, a-spinasterol, and β-sitosterol. Organic acids are petroselic acid, petrolidic acid, angelic acid, linolenic acid, lignoceric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid (Tomimatsu, 1969; Pan et al., 2002). One new chromone named saikochromone A has also been reported (Kobayashi et al., 1990; Figure 7.7). Structures of phillyrin and wenchuanensin.The structure of flavonoids in Bupleurum.The structure of saikochromone a.
The Association between the Preservative Agents in Foods and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Fardin Javanmardi, Jamal Rahmani, Fatemeh Ghiasi, Hadi Hashemi Gahruie, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Sorbic acid prevents the growth of microorganisms over an extensive range of pH, particularly above 6 (53). This organic acid is widely used in cheeses, bakery goods, beverages, and other dairy products. According to various studies owing to the rapid metabolizing pathway of sorbic acid, it could pose low toxic effects (54). Catabolizing pathway of sorbate is similar to other fatty acids (54,55). However, this acid can interfere owing to further interactions with other preservatives and dietary ingredients which consequently can produce free radicals. Despite the DNA damaging agents produced by sorbate, based on in vitro investigations, it can result in the immune activity by IFN-γ induction (16,19). In this context, JECFA has established an ADI of 0–25 mg/kg for sorbic acid and the related salts (52).
Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid inhibits biofilm formation and suppresses the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Yuxi Yue, Kai Zhong, Yanping Wu, Hong Gao
Organic acids have long been applied to prevent food contamination and the dissemination of food-related bacteria (Ricke 2003). Specifically, the utilization of organic acids to combat L. monocytogenes has been reported. Lactic acid can effectively reduce the L. monocytogenes population on spinach surfaces during refrigerated storage (Chhetri et al. 2019). Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (PCA, Figure 1A), a familiar metabolic product of organisms, is also known to have antimicrobic properties (Chen et al. 2015; Nguyen et al. 2015). Recently, PCA has been isolated from the metabolites of an endophyte bacterium, and its yield greatly increased by fermentation optimization. Encouragingly, PCA exhibited apparent bacteriostasis against L. monocytogenes, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.75 mg ml−1 (Yue et al. 2022). Nevertheless, little is known about the potential antibiofilm efficacy of PCA against L. monocytogenes. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to clarify whether and how PCA influences L. monocytogenes biofilm by evaluating the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity and viability of biofilm cells, and biofilm morphology. The impact of PCA on EPS secretion and hemolytic activity of L. monocytogenes was also assessed. Furthermore, the practical application of PCA to inactivate L. monocytogenes adhesion to common food-contact surfaces was evaluated.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial mechanism of biogenic selenium nanoparticles against Pseudomonas fluorescens
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Ying Xu, Ting Zhang, Jiarui Che, Jiajia Yi, Lina Wei, Hongliang Li
Studies have found that Eugenia brejoensis essential oil (Mendes et al. 2018), 3-carene (Shu et al. 2020), aromatic alcohol (Guo et al. 2021), and other essential oils can inhibit the growth of P. fluorescens, but these substances have problems such as the production process is complicated, raw materials are not easy to obtain, production cost is high and their production is hard to scale to produce sufficient quantities. Phytochemicals such as daphnetin (Liu et al. 2020), nobiletin and tangeretin (Yao et al. 2012) also have antimicrobial activity, but they will be affected by temperature, pH, and other factors during the extraction process. The separation and purification process of plantaricin DY4-2 (Lv et al. 2018) is complicated, and some bacteriocins are less stable. Lactobionic acid (Kang et al. 2020) and octyl gallate (Shi et al. 2022) have the advantage of strong antimicrobial activity and low price. However, long-term use and excessive addition of organic acids will bring some hidden dangers to people’s health, meanwhile there are limitations of poor solubility, and the range of use is still very limited.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acid
- Carboxylic Acid
- Enol
- Organic Compound
- Sulfonic Acid
- Lactic Acid
- Hydroxy Group
- Conjugate
- Thiol
- Phenol