Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae
Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati in Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
UAE is an emerging extraction technique that has been widely used on different matrices by enhancing heat and mass transfer. UAE has the following advantages over the classical methods: reduction of solvent use, reduction of unit operations, reduction of extraction time, reduction in energy use, use of renewable plant resources, better security and safety, lower environmental impact and rapid return on investment (Chemat et al. 2017). Several classes of vital compounds, such as antioxidants, pigments, aromas and other organic and mineral compounds have been successfully extracted by UAE (Chemat et al. 2011; Chemat et al 2017). UAE has been used for: 1) extraction of vital, thermo-labile food compounds such as phenolic compounds, betacyanin and betaxanthin; 2) extraction of lipids and proteins from different matrices; 3) improving oil extraction from oil seeds; 4) improved permeabilization of cell’s membrane; 5) extraction of fruit juices, and processing of sauces, purees and dairy products; 6) improving the stability of dispersions by reducing settling of dispersed particles; 7) improving emulsifying properties of proteins; 8) extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae (Knorr et al. 2004; Baysal & Demirdoven 2012; Pico 2013; Chemat et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2018).
The Meatification of Diets
Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar in Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
As the resource intensity of the industrial grain–oilseed–livestock complex comes into focus it also sheds light on the momentous and multidimensional pollution loads that are generated. The heavy dependence on fossil energy in running machinery, manufacturing inputs (especially nitrogen fertilizers), transporting inputs and outputs over long distances, running irrigation pumps, and powering factory farms, slaughterhouses, and expanded refrigeration needs5 makes this system a large source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In addition, industrial fertilizers and livestock production are leading sources of nitrous oxide emissions, and ruminant livestock populations is a leading source of methane,6 two other important greenhouse gases. The net result is that the meatification of diets and global livestock production are a major force in climate change (Gerber et al. 2013; Stehfest et al. 2009; Jarosz 2009; Garnett 2009; Halweil and Nierenberg 2008; Fiala 2008; McMichael et al. 2007; Steinfeld et al. 2006).
Madhuca longifolia (Mahuwa) and Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood)
Azamal Husen in Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
In India, the majority of the plant components of M. indica are utilized in traditional medicine (Gupta, Chaudhary, and Sharma, 2012). Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, and vitamin C are found in mahua. There are many dietary benefits of mahua, due to its many nutrients. Vegetable oil is also extracted from the mahua seeds. This oil is used for cooking purposes in rural areas. It is also applied on the body as skin moisturizer. Its barks are used in dental and tonsillitis problems. Oil extracted from the seeds of the Mahua plant is applied over the area affected with skin diseases and body pain. Nasal administration of the fresh juice of the flowers of Mahua is used in diseases of vitiated pitta dosha, like headache, burning sensation of the eyes, etc. Dried flowers of Mahua are boiled in milk and administered in a dose of 40–50 ml to treat weakness of the nerves and diseases of the neuromuscular system. Decoction prepared from the bark of the tree is given in dose of 30–40 ml to treat irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea. Fresh juice of the flowers is given in a dose of 20–25 ml to treat hypertension, hiccups, and dry cough. Externally, the seed oil massage is very effective to alleviate pain. In skin diseases, the juice of flowers is rubbed for foliation. It is also beneficial as a nasya (nasal drops) in diseases of the head due to pitta, like sinusitis. The mahua have several pharmacological potencies and it is being used from the tradition (Awasthi, Bhatnagar, and Mitra, 1975). The crude methanolic extract of mahua is used for analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory purposes (Shekhawat and Vijayvergia, 2010).
Optimization of the extraction conditions and dermal toxicity of oil body fused with acidic fibroblast growth factor (OLAF)
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
Yongxin Guo, Yaying Li, Qian Wu, Xinxin Lan, Guodong Chu, Weidong Qiang, Muhammad Noman, Tingting Gao, Jinnan Guo, Long Han, Jing Yang, Xiaokun Li, Linna Du
Over the past few years, oil bodies extracted from oilseeds have attracted interest from both academia and industry, due to their potential applications in food, cosmetics, pharmacology and other applications29. In particular, with the in-depth understanding of oil bodies and their related proteins, more attention has been given to the production of foreign substances using oil bodies as “carriers”. As a new bioreactor, oleosin-stabilised oil bodies have been successfully used for the production of hirudin, glucuronidase, insulin, xylanase, and other medicinal proteins30,31. Among these proteins, hirudin and β-glucuronidase produced by this system have been commercialised successfully. Insulin and apolipoprotein expressed in oil bodies of oilseed crops by SemBioSys Genetics Inc., Canada, have also entered the stage of clinical trials32,33. Although great progress has been made in terms of patents, research papers and products, there are few reports on the safety of products expressed by plant oil body systems. In our previous study, a series of oil bodies fused with multiple growth factors with biological activity was also obtained using oleosin fusion technology34. However, the safety of these fusion proteins has not been reported. Therefore, under the premise of optimising its extraction conditions, the dermal toxicity of OLAF was studied in the present study.
A review of botany, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Ferulago angulata
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Zahra Lorigooini, Masomeh Koravand, Hedayat Haddadi, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Hamzeh Ali Shirmardi, Zohreh Hosseini
The antioxidant activity of F. angulata was confirmed in studies on the effect of F. angulata extract (Rafieirad et al. 2014) and pulverized F. angulata (Govahi et al. 2013) using animal models. F. angulata can help boost the body immunity through exerting antioxidant activity in the blood serum (Govahi et al. 2013). The antioxidant activities of F. angulata essential oil (Hosseini et al. 2012, Pirbalouti et al. 2013, Golfakhrabadi et al. 2015, Pirbalouti 2016) and extract (Hosseini et al. 2012) have been observed in vitro as well. In food industries, F. angulata antioxidant activity is used to increase the shelf life of soybean oil (Sadeghi et al. 2016), dairy products (Darderafshy et al. 2014), vegetable oil (Khanahmadi and Janfeshan 2006), and the mixture of sunflower seed oil and palm olein (Alizadeh et al. 2016). F. angulata, as a dietary supplement, has been also reported to help improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chicks; however, the action mechanisms of supplementation particularly on lipids metabolism of the intestine has not yet been sufficiently known (Sadeghi et al. 2016). These studies have indicated that F. angulata can be used as a nature-based antioxidant and food supplement in food and pharmaceutical industries (Hosseini et al. 2012, Sadeghi et al. 2016).
A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
J. B. Senthil Kumar, Bhawna Sharma
Erucic acid (EA) is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid denoted as 22:1ω9 or 22:1 n-9, which is an ingredient of rapeseed oil, mustard oil and canola oil (Figure 6). These oils are major sources of vegetable oil for nutritional purposes on a global scale. The rural population in north and east India, mustard oil is preferred over other oils due to its nutty and pungent flavour and also for its high smoke point (250°C) since Indian cooking conditions for deep frying can raise the oil temperature above 170°C [82]. Similarly, EA is also highly also consumed by Eskimos and other asian populations with no history of toxicity [83]. Moreover, it is considered to be healthy edible oil due to its low in SFA content, high alpha-linolenic acid (8%–15%) content, and a good n6:n3 ratio (6:5). Rapeseed-mustard oil contains high amount of EA, varied from 14% to 33% in the lipids [84]. The physical and biological feature of a lipid largely depends on the positional distribution of fatty acids, esterified to carbon atoms of glycerol moiety to form TAG structure [85]. In case of EA, the first (sn-1) and third (sn-3) positions are esterified in the TAG moiety [86]. Fatty acids located at second position (sn-2) of the TAG are faster released than fatty acids at positions first (sn-1) and third (sn-3) [87]. According to European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the apparent digestibility coefficients of EA in different species was found to be between 58% and 100% [87].
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