Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Berberis aristata (Indian Barberry)
Azamal Husen in Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Beside these traditional uses, neem or neem extracts are used to treat fungal infections, painful joints, and muscle treatments. It is well known for the treatment of diseases like malaria, arthritis, jaundice, intestinal worms, tuberculosis, and many skin diseases. Neem oil is used regularly to reduce acne and pimples (Ahmad et al., 2019; Kausik et al., 2002). The neem leaves are a famous remedy for skin disease treatment, and they are also safe to take internally on a regular basis. Fresh leaf juice mixed with salt is best to treat intestinal worms, and mixing this neem leaf juice with honey is useful for jaundice and skin diseases. It is also used as an antiseptic; while a hot blend of leaves can be used for swollen glands, bruises, and sprains. Neem leaves are also used against viral infections including cold, herpes, influenza, and chickenpox. By eating neem leaves, fever related to viral infection can be stopped. The fruits of neem (dry and fresh) are useful to control intestinal worms, piles, and urinary tract infections. The seed oil is also important as an ingredient in medical product formation, as it has strong antiseptic properties. As this oil saponifies easily, it is mostly used for medical soap formulation (Ahmad et al., 2019). Some studies also reported that neem extract is beneficial to control the kissing bugs that spread the Chagas disease. During treatment, the neem extract does not actually kill the insect but imbalances the immune system of the parasite living inside the bug, thereby curing the symptoms of Chagas disease (Martinez and van Emden, 1999).
Ethnobotany of the Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica a. Juss): A Review
T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur in Ethnobotany of India, 2017
In Africa and Caribbean, users of this plant, especially children, eat ripe fruits of Neem. In India, since ancient times the tender leaves of Neem are consumed as food and for tea preparations. Domestic animals are also fed with Neem leaves (Hedge, 1993). Despite A. indica being known for its pesticidal properties there are no records of Neem toxicity to humans, probable by avoiding higher doses. In fact, it was observed that, toxic effects of Neem oil in mammals occur only at higher doses (Deng et al., 2013). This toxicity is not lower compared to the natural compound rotenone (largely used as a broad spectrum insecticide, piscicide and pesticide) (Coats, 1994). Woollen and other cloths are stored with dried neem leaves, due to insecticidal properties as also various cereals and other grains for long term storage.
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
L.D. Kapoor in Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Medicinal properties and uses — Bark is used in the form of powder or fluid extract or decoction in cases of intermittent and other paroxysmal fevers to relieve thirst, nausea, vomiting, and general debility, loss of appetite, and skin diseases. A decoction made of this bark and babula(Acacia sp.) bark in equal parts is useful in leukorrhea. The oil given in 10-drop doses with milk once a day in combination with other Ayurvedic remedies has been effective in early stages of leprosy. Oil may be used like carbolic acid as a dressing for foul ulcers, and as a linament to rheumatic affections. It is a favorite application in tetanus, leprosy, urticaria, eczema, scrofula, and skin diseases like ringworm, scabies, and pemphigus. In doses of 4 to 16 ml, neem oil is very effective in expelling intestinal parasites.
Formulation and characterisation of Azadirachta indica nanobiopesticides for ecofriendly control of wheat pest Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Humaira Iqbal, Nazish Jahan, Saba Jamil
The mean mortality of T. castaneum and R. dominica were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing time intervals and concentration of A. indica extract and its nanobiopesticides. Results showed that the mortality was significantly higher at higher concentration (1.26% w/v) and exposure period (72 h), while it was significantly lower at lower concentration (0.25% w/v) and exposure period (24 h). Kumar et al. (2011) observed higher mortality when An. stephensi was exposed to a higher concentration of neem seed kernel extract. Okumu et al. (2007) also recorded the higher mortality of An. gambiae s. s. larvae caused by a higher concentration of neem oil formulation, while the mortality rate was low at a lower concentration.
Toxicity of Caulerpa scalpelliformis selected fractions with fatty acids on Porthesia scintillans
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kitherian Sahayaraj, Chinnarajan Ravindran, Selvaraj Jancy, Ganesan Pechidurai
Plants are the richest source of renewable active chemicals and alternative products (Koul and Dhaliwal 2000, Regnault-Roger et al.2005). To control early stage larvae of P. scintillans, neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) seed kernel extract (NSKE) or neem oil is employed, some plant extracts (Chockalingam and Sundari 1988) were used to manage P. scintillans.
Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of nimbolide against Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis in rats
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Xin Cui, Ruijing Wang, Peimin Bian, Qingke Wu, Vidya Devanatha Desikan Seshadri, Lun Liu
Various therapeutic principles are isolated from various parts of the neem plant all of which gives the bitter nature to neem oil. The seeds of neem comprise tignic acid which gives distinguishing aroma to the oil [16]. All these active principles contain numerous pharmacological properties.
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