Low quality of water and milk in rural ethiopia poses risks to human health
Kristina Roesel, Delia Grace in Food Safety and Informal Markets, 2014
While water from borehole pumps in Lume was the least contaminated of the sampled water sources, rivers in the district were found to be highly polluted with industrial discharge and untreated sewage. Results of the chemical analysis showed that manganese concentrations exceeded WHO threshold levels by about 30% in water from hand-dug wells in Lume and dugouts in Siraro. Water sampled from boreholes in Siraro exceeded these cut-off points by 60%. Long-term exposure to high levels of manganese can lead to neurological disorders. The levels of chromium, which is toxic and carcinogenic, were also high and fluoride levels exceeded the WHO threshold by 20% for water from hand-dug wells in Lume and by 100% for borehole water in Siraro. This observation has been further investigated as part of a separate study (Chapter 10). In general, the analysis shows that water in commonly used sources was more contaminated in Siraro District than in Lume District.
Management of Trace Elements in Short Bowel Syndrome
John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson in Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
Manganese is a cofactor for several enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, and plays a role in bone formation [26,45]. Manganese is regulated through absorption and excreted primarily in bile. Therefore, patients with later-stage chronic cholestatic or biliary disorders and all patients who receive long-term PN with multitrace element preparations are at risk for manganese toxicity [45,46]. Manganese is widely distributed throughout the body, and manganese deficiency is virtually unknown outside of experimental conditions. A number of cases of manganese toxicity, however, have been reported [45,47]. Some cases of manganese toxicity have been reported as early as 2 weeks after the initiation of PN [47]. Excess manganese crosses the blood–brain barrier, accumulates in the globus pallidus, and is believed to alter catecholamine storage or metabolism [46,48]. Symptoms of manganese toxicity include tremor and altered gait that resemble Parkinson’s disease, insomnia, headache, confusion, and memory disturbances [45,48].
Functional Cellular Imaging with Manganese
Michel M. J. Modo, Jeff W. M. Bulte in Molecular and Cellular MR Imaging, 2007
The most natural way of manganese uptake is oral consumption. Manganese is absorbed slowly and poorly throughout the length of the small intestine. Only 3 to 4% of the ingested manganese salts are absorbed in rodents. Manganese ions that are absorbed into the portal circulation are almost completely removed by the liver and excreted into the bile.62 This highly efficient manganese excretory mechanism prevents excess tissue exposure and as such is less interesting as a tool to induce manganese contrast on MR images. The liver may be important as a depot for manganese, with hepatic manganese later delivered to the body. The highest manganese concentrations can be found in the bone, liver, kidney, and pancreas (20 to 50 nmol/g). Concentrations of manganese in the brain, heart, lung, and muscle are typically <20 nmol/g. Natural concentrations in blood and serum are 200 and 20 nmol/l, respectively.34,63,64
Metal bioaccumulation in selected tissues of barb (Barbus sp.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) from the Keban Dam Lake, Turkey
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Durali Danabas, Filiz Kutluyer, Mesut Ural, Mehmet Kocabaş
Manganese (Mn) is a metal used in industry, particularly in the manufacturing of battery and alloy and stainless steels, and it is not present in nature as a free element (Dongjiang et al.2006, Liu et al.2018). As documented in some studies, the maximum Mn level accumulated in liver (Kojadinovic et al.2007, Pereira et al.2010). In contrast with these reports, El-Moselhy et al. (2014) and Jayaprakash et al. (2015) determined that Mn tends to accumulate in gills. The results were consistent with these reports. In this study, gills accumulated the maximum levels for Barbus sp. and C. carpio at S3 and S4. S4 is the reproduction area of the species. Hence, monitoring and assessment of pollution are important for preventing extinction or loss of populations.
The neuroprotective properties of carnosine in a mouse model of manganism is mediated via mitochondria regulating and antioxidative mechanisms
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Mohammad Mehdi Ommati, Reza Heidari, Vahid Ghanbarinejad, Ahmadreza Aminian, Narges Abdoli, Hossein Niknahad
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. Physiologically, Mn is a constituent of many important metalloenzymes in the human body and incorporates in several metabolic processes.1 Despite its essentiality, excess Mn exposure could lead to significant neurotoxicity.2–8 Mn exposure occurs in several ways including air born Mn-containing particulates, Mn-based pesticides, or drinking water.9,10 Elevated body Mn level is also associated with several liver diseases especially cirrhosis and chronic bile duct injury.11–15 Mn-induced neurotoxicity syndrome is known as ‘manganism’.16 Manganism is associated with a wide range of locomotor dysfunction and cognitive deficits.1–5,7,13 It has been found that alterations in dopaminergic neurons compromise motor function upon Mn exposure.1–5,7,13
Manganese concentration in patients with encephalopathy following ephedrone use: a narrative review and analysis of case reports
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Michal Ordak, Natalia Sloniewicz, Tadeusz Nasierowski, Elzbieta Muszynska, Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrozny
The maximum daily non-toxic dose of manganese is 9–11 mg per day for adults [3]. Occupational exposure to manganese mainly occurs during the extraction and processing of manganese ores, alloy production, at steel mills, during welding and dry cell production. Therefore, manganese ore miners and smelters involved in casting and refining are particularly vulnerable [4–6]. Manganism is a neurological disorder characterized by mood swings and an extrapyramidal syndrome similar to Parkinson's disease. Long-term exposure to lower doses of manganese may lead to an increased frequency of Parkinsonian symptoms [7]. Less common neurological symptoms of manganism include palilalia (involuntary word repetition), hypomimia (mask-like loss of facial expression), as well as bradyphrenia (slowed cognitive processing) [8,9]. Exposure to high levels of manganese in the workplace can also lead to long-term movement, cognitive and behavioural disorders. Most patients suffer from impaired speech, gait and posture and have difficulty walking backwards [10]. Exposure to manganese in the workplace is phenotypically similar to exposure to high levels of manganese with ephedrone [11].