Nutrition and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Crystal D. Karakochuk, Kyly C. Whitfield, Tim J. Green, Klaus Kraemer in The Biology of the First 1,000 Days, 2017
Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for nucleic acid and protein synthesis, body temperature control, and maintenance of nerve and muscle cell electrical potentials. Magnesium occurs naturally in many foods, and studies have shown that many women, especially those from disadvantaged populations, have intakes that are lower than recommended. Intravenous magnesium sulfate supplementation is the first-line anticonvulsant of choice in the prevention and treatment of eclampsia and has been used for this purpose for many years [49]. However, the mechanism of action, optimal dosing regimen, and pharmacokinetic properties remain unknown. The use of intravenous magnesium sulfate gave rise to the idea that magnesium sulfate supplementation in pregnancy might reduce the risk of HDP. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies, oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy compared to no magnesium or placebo was associated with no significant difference in PE (RR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.32; 3 studies, n = 1,042 women), perinatal mortality, or small-for-gestational age fetuses. Therefore, oral magnesium supplementation is not recommended in pregnancy [24].
Electrolytes: Their function and movement
Bernie Garrett in Fluids and Electrolytes, 2017
Magnesium (Mg2+) is another divalent cation and the adult human body contains approximately 25 g of magnesium. Approximately 60% of the body's magnesium is found in the bones. The majority of the rest is found in cells and a small amount in the blood. Overall, magnesium plays an important role in the sodium–potassium pump and in the production of ATP energy in cell mitochondria. It also promotes the regulation of serum calcium, phosphorous, and potassium levels and is crucial to the body's ability to absorb calcium in the gut. It plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the neuromuscular system and affects neuromuscular functioning in the same manner as calcium. It is therefore important for maintaining a normal cardiac rhythm, and may also play a role in blood pressure regulation. Magnesium is also a cofactor in more than 300 enzyme systems that regulate a wide range of biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.49 The absorption of magnesium from the gut is regulated by PTH (which increases its uptake), and the kidneys excrete it passively. Food sources of magnesium include leafy green vegetables, wheat bran, and many nuts and beans.
Nutraceuticals for Hypertension Control
Nilanjana Maulik in Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Foods rich in magnesium include cereals, nuts and vegetables (Song and Liu 2012). Dietary intake of magnesium in the US is an average 265 mg per day (Rosanoff, Weaver et al. 2012; Zhang and Qiu 2018).There is some deviation from the average in male and female values, with female amounts being significantly lower than male, but even the higher values are insufficient to meet the magnesium requirements. The recommended dietary allowance is 300/400 mg per day (male/female) (1997). In a lower-income country such as Hungary, magnesium intake is an average 420 mg per day (Nagy, Nagy-Lorincz et al. 2017), probably due to the relative lower costs of magnesium-rich foods compared to other, magnesium-poor foods such as meat or many fast foods commonly eaten in the US (Bailey, Akabas et al. 2017).
Patterns of Nutritional Supplement Use in Children with Tourette Syndrome
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
Bobbie L. Smith, Amanda K. Ludlow
In relation to tics, magnesium was reported to improve both vocal and motor tics. Magnesium is a mineral that has a critical role in many aspects of body regulation and functioning, including regulating muscle and nerve function, blood pressure and blood glucose control (34). Importantly, a magnesium deficiency has been suggested as being commonly reported in children with TS and anecdotal reports suggest a reduction in symptoms when taking magnesium supplements (35). Consistent with this, some caregivers noted that magnesium needed to be continuously taken for symptoms to remain improved. A deficiency of magnesium leads to symptoms, such as fatigue, migraines, depression, muscle spasms (36), which mirrors that found in other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD. Randomized controlled trials need to be conducted to assess the effectiveness and efficacy of using magnesium in the treatment of TS (37).
Adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern is inversely associated with depression, anxiety and psychological distress
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Omid Sadeghi, Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli, Hamid Afshar, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Peyman Adibi
In the current study, we found a significant inverse association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and anxiety. These findings were in line with a previous study reporting a significant inverse association between Mediterranean dietary pattern and anxiety in Spanish adults [50]. Such finding was also seen in another study [54]. The protective associations of Mediterranean dietary pattern with anxiety might be attributed to its fruits and vegetables content. Earlier publications have revealed that vegans had less stress and anxiety than omnivores [55]. These food groups are rich sources of dietary magnesium which is beneficial in influencing mildly anxious individuals and those reporting premenstrual syndrome-related anxiety [56,57]. However, some studies have reported no significant relationship between dietary magnesium intake and anxiety in community-dwelling middle-age and older adults [58]. Further studies are needed to find mechanisms through which fruits and vegetables consumption might affect anxiety.
A combination of green tea, rhodiola, magnesium and B vitamins modulates brain activity and protects against the effects of induced social stress in healthy volunteers
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Neil Bernard Boyle, Jac Billington, Clare Lawton, Frits Quadt, Louise Dye
Magnesium (Mg) has long been proposed to offer therapeutic action with evidence of mood stabilising effects (e.g. depression [4], mania [5]). Mg is a particularly relevant nutrient in the treatment of stress and anxiety since Mg status is closely aligned with stress levels: exposure to psychosocial stress increases Mg excretion, resulting in Mg deficiency [6] which increases endocrine stress reactivity [7], further depleting Mg levels. Dietary levels of Mg intake are also modestly inversely associated with subjective anxiety [8]. Further, Mg supplementation can reduce anxiety-related symptomology in anxiety vulnerable populations (e.g. premenstrual syndrome) [9]; particularly when administered with additional ingredients such a B vitamins which are also depleted by stress and associated with stress alleviation [10,11].
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