Nutraceuticals and Brain Disorders
Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi in Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Lutein is one of the most significant carotenoids found in numerous leafy foods like mangoes, corn, sweet potatoes, carrots, squash, tomatoes, and so forth. Lutein dipalmitate is found in the plant Heleniumautumnale. Lutein, otherwise called helenien, is utilized for the treatment of visual issues. Zeaxanthin is utilized in customary Chinese medication principally for the treatment of visual issues. Nourishment wellsprings of zeaxanthin incorporate corn, egg yolk, green vegetables, and natural products, for example, broccoli, green beans, green peas, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale, collard greens, spinach, lettuce, kiwi, and honeydew. Lutein and zeaxanthin are likewise found in weeds, green growth, and the petals of many yellow blossoms. In green vegetables, foods grown from the ground yolk, lutein, and zeaxanthin exist in nonesterified structures.
Nutrition and the Cancer Patient
David Heber, Zhaoping Li in Primary Care Nutrition, 2017
However, many phytochemicals have other functions beyond acting as antioxidants. For example, lycopene stabilizes the connexin 43 gene product that is essential for gap junction communication (Stahl et al. 2000) while also interacting with vitamin D in the differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells (Amir et al. 1999). In breast cancer cells, lycopene can interfere with IGF-1-stimulated tumor cell proliferation (Karas et al. 2000). Lycopene levels in the blood are associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer (Gann et al. 1999), and lycopene administration may reduce proliferation and increase apoptosis in human prostate tissue where lycopene is the predominant carotenoid (Kucuk et al. 2001). Lutein is concentrated in the retina, where it may help prevent macular degeneration, the most common preventable form of age-related blindness (Mares-Perlman et al. 2001). Other studies have found that lycopene, α-carotene, and β-carotene are associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (Heber 2000). On the basis of a recent review of functional properties of foods (Milner 2000) and research from our laboratories demonstrating that it is relatively simple to influence circulating levels of lycopene with the administration of only 177 mL (6 fluid ounces) of mixed vegetable juice daily (Heber et al. 2000), we developed a color code for a book aimed at helping consumers to change dietary patterns to include more fruits and vegetables by including one serving from each of seven color groups each day, selected on the basis of the family of phytochemicals they contain (Table 19.3) (Heber 2002).
Role of Process Standardisation in Development of Natural Products
Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee in Natural Medicines, 2019
Lutein, a yellow plant pigment that is a naturally occurring carotenoid, belongs to the xanthophyll family, one of two major carotenoid families. Among more than 700 carotenoids already isolated (Britton et al. 2004), lutein and zeaxanthin stereoisomers are the major carotenoid pigments that accumulate in human macula lutea, the area responsible for high-resolution vision (Landrum and Bone 2001; Alves-Rodrigues and Shao 2004). Possibly as a result of their action in filtering blue light and deactivating reactive oxygen species, these xanthophylls play an important protective role in maintaining ocular health (Li et al. 2010). Decreasing risk of developing early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which may lead to the irreversible blindness in the elderly, is related to the consumption of approximately 10 mg/day of lutein, (Huang et al. 2015). There are not only eye health benefits from lutein, but the consumption of lutein may well help maintain heart health by reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, as suggested by various studies (Dwyer et al. 2001; Mares-Perlman et al. 2001). Furthermore, as an antioxidant, lutein may also be essential for skin health since the presence of lutein in skin results in the reduction of UV-induced damage (Roberts et al. 2009).
Preparation and characterization of lutein loaded folate conjugated polymeric nanoparticles
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Pradeep Kumar Bolla, Vrinda Gote, Mahima Singh, Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi, Manan Patel, Dhananjay Pal, Xiaoming Gong, Devaraj Sambalingam, Jwala Renukuntla
One such promising therapeutic agent is Lutein. In 2017, a study evaluated the role of lutein as a neuroprotective agent in a rat model of neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic brain injury. Results from this study had proven that there was significant reduction of histological brain injury scores, inflammatory mediators, and hypoxia-inducible proteins such as HIF-1α with lutein treatment. Also, its oral supplementation to rats resulted in the selective accumulation of lutein in neonatal rat brains through breast milk (Foster et al.2017, Gong et al.2017). Lutein is a dihydroxy xanthophyll carotenoid available abundantly from green leafy vegetables, fruits, flowers, egg yolk, etc. (Li et al.2009, Hu et al.2012). As animals/humans cannot synthesise lutein, it must be obtained from diet. The neuroprotective effects of Lutein are attributed to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties (Li et al.2009, Lim et al.2016, do Prado Silva et al.2017). Unfortunately, lutein has poor bioavailability due to high lipophilicity (LogP: 7.9) and poor aqueous solubility (Ozawa et al.2012, Drug Bank 2020). Therefore, there is an unmet need for developing a new formulation of lutein with enhanced bioavailability.
Preparation optimisation and storage stability of nanoemulsion-based lutein delivery systems
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Jinan Li, Rui Guo, Hao Hu, Xuejiao Wu, Lianzhong Ai, Yan Wu
Lutein is an oxygenated carotene (i.e. a xanthophyll) that is found widely in fruits and vegetables such as corn, spinach, and tomatoes, as well as in egg yolk, which leads to their red, orange, and yellow colours. Commercial lutein is mainly extracted as an orange powder from marigold flowers, which can be used as a natural pigment and antioxidant in the food industry. Moreover, lutein has been shown to provide a variety of potential health benefits. For example, the consumption of lutein may be helpful in reducing the incidences of particular chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis (Krinsky and Johnson 2005). In addition, the accumulation of lutein within pigmented region of the human eye may improve eye health, and reduce the risk of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (Bernstein et al.2015). Frede et al. (2014) suggested that a daily intake of 10 mg lutein may be effective for preventing cataracts and other diseases. However, lutein must be obtained through dietary supplements.
Changes in Aqueous Humor Lutein Levels of Patients with Cataracts after a 6-Week Course of Lutein-Containing Antioxidant Supplementation
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Rijo Hayashi, Shimmin Hayashi, Shigeki Machida
Among the carotenoids, only lutein, zeaxanthin, and their metabolites have been reported to be present in human ocular tissues, such as the retina9,10 and lens.11 Additionally, the intake of lutein has been reported to be advantageous in other studies, since it helps to increase macular pigment density12–14 and decrease the potential problems associated with age-related macular degeneration.15,16 Several epidemiologic studies have also reported that the intake of lutein was associated with decreases in the risk of cataract formation.17–20 However, there are other studies that have not reported the same results.21–24 A review of previous epidemiologic reports found that some of these studies were cross-sectional22,23 and simultaneously investigated the serum lutein levels and cataract severity. The lutein intake amounts in the previous studies also varied. Perhaps more importantly, the population evaluated in the majority of the previous studies varied from study to study. Moreover, confounding factors, such as genes, nutrient intake, and ultraviolet irradiation exposure, could additionally interfere with these assessments. Thus, by measuring the changes in the same person before and after the intake of supplements, which contain consistent amounts of nutrients, this might more accurately assess the actual effects of the antioxidant nutrients.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Carotenoid
- Carrot
- Polyene
- Retina
- Stereoisomerism
- Xanthophyll
- Zeaxanthin
- Leaf Vegetable
- Macula
- Meso-Zeaxanthin