Cabbage
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Medicinal Plants, 2018
Iodine is one of the most important trace elements in the body, and iodine deficiency causes a number of dreaded diseases, like goiters, mental retardation, hypothyroidism and pregnancy-related problems. Iodine is not synthesized in the body, so it is always recommended to include iodine-rich foods in our diet. In developing nations, iodine deficiency is the main cause of hypothyroidism. When the body does not get enough iodine, the thyroid gland has trouble in synthesizing its hormones. The result is often a goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid. Human iodine intake is closely dependent on the iodine concentration of water, soil, iodine-rich salts and different foods. There are parts of the world where iodine is so scarce that the sight of a neck without a goiter is rare. According to a World Health Organization report, the number of people affected by an iodine deficiency is about 740 million. Normal adults and children need 150 micrograms and 200 micrograms of iodine per day, respectively. Without it, the thyroid gland cannot do its job. Table salt is one of the major sources of iodine in the body. In some parts of the world, the soil contains little or no iodine. In developing countries, where iodized salt may not be available, thyroid problems are very common and as a result many children suffer from mental and psychomotor retardation. Cabbage is a natural source of iodine. (Key et al. 1992; Appleby et al. 1999) and thus aids the proper function of the brain and nervous system.
Raw veganism and children
Carlo Alvaro in Raw Veganism, 2020
Regarding “iodine, calcium, iron, various fatty acids, creatine and taurine” rather than discussing them individually, it is sufficient to make the following four remarks. First, once again, people may be deficient in any of these micronutrients for a variety of reasons irrespective of whether they follow a vegan diet. Consider iodine. Animals do not manufacture iodine, only plants do. Sea vegetables are rich in iodine. Again, why the middleman? Also, there are other fruits and vegetables that contain reasonable amounts of iodine. Furthermore, one may obtain iodine from table salt and supplements. Most importantly, according to the National Institute of Health, the people who may not get enough iodine are “People who do not use iodized salt, pregnant women, people living in regions with iodine-deficient soils who eat mostly local foods, and people who get marginal amounts of iodine and who also eat foods containing goitrogens [such as cruciferous vegetables].”18 Note that vegans and vegetarians are not included in the list because there is no evidence that only vegans are at risk of not getting enough iodine.
Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian in Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Worldwide, about two billion people are iodine-deficient and 2.5% of this population have clinical manifestations of iodine deficiency.50 Iodine deficiency most commonly occurs as a result of consuming a diet insufficient in iodine. The iodine content of plant foods is influenced by the iodine concentration of the soil in which the food is grown. Bread, milk, saltwater fish, and seafood are dietary sources of iodine;51 however, the primary source in many countries is iodized salt.12,52 People who do not consume iodized salt and live in regions with poor soil iodine concentration, as well as those who follow a vegan diet, are at an increased risk of iodine deficiency.51 Consumption of goitrogenic foods, such as soy, cassava, and cruciferous vegetables, also increases the risk for iodine deficiency.53 Use of anti-thyroid medications and other changes in thyroid hormone metabolism can also increase deficiency risk.2,54 For example, iron and selenium deficiency may increase risk as these minerals are necessary for the production of thyroid hormone.55 Pregnant and lactating women may produce anti-thyroid autoantibodies, and have increased glomerular filtration which increases urinary iodine excretion.55
Investigational drugs in early stage clinical trials for thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Dietary iodine intake has been suggested to affect the efficacy of treatment with antithyroid drugs and some studies revealed that excessive iodine intake reduced the efficacy of this treatment and increased recurrence rate. In a prospective randomized trial of newly diagnosed patients with Graves´ disease, the iodine-supplemented group included 203 patients, and the iodine-restricted group included 202 patients. Patients in the iodine-supplemented group were given about 10 g of iodized salt every day, while the iodine-restricted group received noniodized salt with low-iodine or non-iodine diet and the intervention lasted for 24 months. Within 12 months of withdrawal of treatment, the total recurrence rate in the iodine-supplemented group was 35.5%, significantly lower than in the iodine-restricted group, which was 45.5%. Optimal dietary iodine supplementation during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves’ disease is associated with lower recurrence rates than those patients with iodine restriction, and therefore, diet control with strict iodine restriction might be an adverse factor in the management of Graves´ disease. TRAbs that showed lower concentrations in the iodine-supplemented group may contribute to the lower recurrence rate in this group [36]. This study is registered with National Natural Science Foundation of China (81370886).
Interplay between metabolic and thyroid parameters in obese pubertal children. Does visceral adipose tissue make the first move?
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2021
Nicoleta Răcătăianu, Nicoleta V. Leach, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Maria Loredana Soran, Ocsana Opriş, Eleonora Dronca, Ana Valea, Cristina Ghervan
Conversely, TSH-induced IGFRs expression stimulates thyroid cells response to the proliferative action of insulin independently of TSH. Thus, secondary hyperinsulinemia may be a risk factor for thyroid growth and proliferation [28,29]. In our study, the most common thyroid disorder was non-autoimmune goiter, followed by thyroid nodules, non-autoimmune hypothyroidism, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The sampling method of our study may explain the relatively high frequency of goiter and thyroid nodules comparative to other studies [27,30,31], as the participants were selected from an endocrinology clinic for obesity investigation rather than the general obese population. Also, most subjects had severe obesity, which is associated with important endocrine and metabolic changes. Since the iodine status of the selected children could not be determined (although they all consumed iodized salt), we were unable to investigate iodine deficiency as a potential cause for the increased presence of morphological thyroid abnormalities observed. Prospective studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to evaluate thyroid morphological changes and predictive factors among obese children.
Radiobiology in my life – Irma Mosse
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
The incidence of thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl disaster in Belarus has increased indeed, but radiation was not the only reason for this. It is known that many regions of Belarus near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (Gomel Region and especially the Polesye Region) are endemic for goiter. The situation is similar in a number of Russian and Ukraine Regions. Prevention of iodine deficiency was carried out by using iodized salt until 1985, but from the beginning of 1985 it was discontinued, therefore, by the time of the disaster, the inhabitants of those areas had an iodine deficiency that led to a much more effective absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland strongly increasing a radiation dose.