Nutritional Disorders/Alternative Medicine
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss in Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Tolerance to vitamin D is variable. Hypervitaminosis D may cause hypercalciuria (increased calcium levels in the urine, -uria) or hypercalcemia (-emia, blood) with symptoms of weakness, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria), mental changes and proteinuria. Because of vitamin D's roie in calcium utilization, deposits of calcium salts in soft tissue may result if the condition is prolonged. Chronic overdosage of vitamin D can lead to irreversible renal failure.
Vitamins
Frank A. Barile in Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Administration of vitamin D in excess of daily requirements may cause clinical signs of acute or chronic overdosage (hypervitaminosis D syndrome), most of which are related to elevated calcium levels (Table 22.2)†. Concomitant high intake of calcium and phosphate may cause the development of similar abnormalities. Treatment of accidental overdose requires general supportive measures, whereas treatment of hypervitaminosis D with hypercalcemia consists of prompt withdrawal of vitamin D supplements, a low-calcium diet, laxatives, and attention to serum electrolyte imbalances and cardiac function. Major blood vessels, myocardium, and kidneys are at risk of developing ectopic calcification. Hypercalcemic crisis with dehydration, stupor, and coma requires more immediate attention, such as prompt hydration, diuretics, short-term hemodialysis, corticosteroids, and urine acidification.
Vitamins
Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt in The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Prophylactic treatment may be beneficial for patients who are inactive, lack sufficient vitamin D in the daily usual diet, and are deprived of sunlight. After 6 months on AEDs such as PHT, PB, or CBZ, determination of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels is helpful. If there is suspicion of vitamin D deficiency, then a vitamin D level can also be measured. The average patient with epilepsy who is otherwise well on a normal diet probably does not need prophylactic vitamin D supplements. The symptoms of hypercalcemia from hypervitaminosis D or excessive calcium intake include weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and obtundation. Nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and metastatic calcification can ensue (29). If vitamin D or calcium is prescribed, then monitoring of the calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine should be done after a month, then every 3 months. Vitamin D and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels should be checked 1 month after starting such therapy, and then every 6 months (30).
Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Jiří Janoušek, Veronika Pilařová, Kateřina Macáková, Anderson Nomura, Jéssica Veiga-Matos, Diana Dias da Silva, Fernando Remião, Luciano Saso, Kateřina Malá-Ládová, Josef Malý, Lucie Nováková, Přemysl Mladěnka
Certain diseases make patients more prone to vitamin D toxicity. Individuals suffering from idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia, lymphoma, and granulomatous disorders such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, infantile subcutaneous fat necrosis, giant cell polymyositis, and berylliosis are hypersensitive to vitamin D increases both from exogenous sources or endogenous synthesis [290,299]. In granulomatous diseases, hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia are the results of abnormal local synthesis of calcitriol in macrophages [296,300]. The rise in the active form of vitamin D in idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia patients is related to the malfunction of deactivating enzyme CYP24A1, while in patients with lymphoma, the causes of vitamin D toxicity are not yet fully understood [290].
When and How to Diagnose and Treat Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: A Practical and Clinical Update
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Antoine Aoun, Jessica Maalouf, Myriam Fahed, Flora El Jabbour
Vitamin D toxicity should not be diagnosed solely on the basis of an elevated 25(OH)D level; it should rather be recognized as a clinical syndrome of both hypervitaminosis D and hypercalcemia, in which hyperphosphatemia and hypercalciuria also commonly occur. Patients with vitamin D toxicity can present with clinical symptoms (e.g., headache, metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting) and complications of hypercalcemia (e.g., dehydration, constipation, pancreatitis, and heart arrhythmias) and hypercalciuria (e.g., polyuria and kidney stones) (National Institute of Health 2016). While hypervitaminosis D in the absence of hypercalcemia may prompt further investigation to evaluate the etiology of increased vitamin D levels, it is not a medical emergency as is hypercalcemia.
Potential synergism between ulipristal acetate and vitamin D3 in uterine fibroid pharmacotherapy – 2 case studies
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Michał Ciebiera, Błażej Męczekalski, Krzysztof Łukaszuk, Grzegorz Jakiel
In our opinion Ali et al. published a breakthrough study that will influence further works to improve the treatment of UFs. UF treatment with the use of UPA has become the gold standard nowadays [46,47]. UPA is administered as a preparation for surgery and in some cases it may lead to a situation when surgery is no longer necessary [46,47]. Vitamin D toxicity is a very rare finding [5]. This vitamin seems to be a promising, safe and cost-effective treatment (or prophylaxis) of UFs with the additional beneficial pleiotropic effect [12,18,48].