Atopic Dermatitis: The Allergist’s Perspective
Donald Rudikoff, Steven R. Cohen, Noah Scheinfeld in Atopic Dermatitis and Eczematous Disorders, 2014
Early exposure to certain foods may predispose infants to develop atopy. Parental atopy and infant solid feeding patterns during the first 4 postnatal months have been correlated with an increased prevalence of eczema but not asthma (Fergusson et al. 1990). Therefore, delayed introduction of solid foods may counteract a predisposition for eczema in highrisk infants or at least may postpone expression of the disease. Extensively hydrolyzed protein hydrolysates are hypoallergenic as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics (as 95% confidence that 90% of infants with documented cows’ milk allergy will not react with defined symptoms to the formula under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions). However, they are not totally nonallergenic (Rosenthal et al. 1991).
Proteins in Cosmetics
E. Desmond Goddard, James V. Gruber in Principles of Polymer Science and Technology in Cosmetics and Personal Care, 1999
Protein derivatives are generally composed of several different molecular species, as the result of the complex composition of source material and its processing to smaller peptides or condensates; moreover, many different additives, impurities, by-products, and contaminants may be present. A hydrolyzed protein preparation can be composed of thousands of different peptides, inorganic ions, sugars, lipids, ammonia, preservatives, antioxidants, and a variety of other possible impurities. Fatty acid condensates of hydrolyzed protein can contain, in addition, soaps and acylamides. Furthermore, products with the same INCI name, prepared by different manufacturing processes or from different source materials, will probably differ, also significantly, in their chemical composition.
Tube Feedings Formulas and Methods
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson in Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Instead of intact protein, elemental formulas are composed of completely hydrolyzed protein. The result is a quantum of amino acids. Some contain essential amino acids only. Others have a mixture of essential and non-essentials. These are the building blocks of protein, not the proteins themselves. But this is the most basic form of protein nutrition. Anything less would not be recognized as a protein nutrient. Chemically, the components would be described as monomeric, as compared to polymeric. The proteins are single units, not polymers.
Metalloproteinases in disease: identification of biomarkers of tissue damage through proteomics
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Cristina Herrera, Teresa Escalante, Alexandra Rucavado, Jay W. Fox, José María Gutiérrez
Owing to the relevance of metalloproteinase-induced proteolytic processing as a widely distributed post-translational modification, proteomic analysis of tissues or body fluids, for example, exudates, provides a powerful tool for the study of protein degradation in diseases and for the identification of key biomarkers of disease. A classic example is the processing of the protein amyloid beta A4 in which the cleavage pattern by proteinases determines the disease outcome [103]; in this case, proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid enables the detection of proteoforms of amyloid associated with the development of the disease. The analytical strength of proteomics has been greatly expanded by the introduction of techniques such as TAILS and COFRADIC, that is terminomics, which enhance the detection of hydrolyzed protein fragments, thus enabling the characterization of the ‘proteolytic signature’ in particular disease states [3]. These and other methodologies recently introduced in the field of proteomics will provide a solid body of information aimed at the identification of key biomarkers of diseases. Such advances, in turn, will have a profound impact in the future of the biomedical sciences.
Taking a prebiotic approach to early immunomodulation for allergy prevention
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2018
Rachelle Pretorius, Susan L. Prescott, Debra J. Palmer
Two other infant randomized controlled trials by Gruber et al. [50] and Boyle et al. [28] also added pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) to the GOS and FOS prebiotic intervention combination, again at a total dosage of 0.8 g/100ml infant formula. The rationale for also adding in pAOS was based on results from animal models [53], showing an enhanced upregulation of an anti-allergic Th1-type immune response in a dose-dependent fashion through mechanisms that appear to extend beyond selective growth promotion of beneficial microbiota. In accordance with Moro et al. [49], Gruber et al. also found reduced eczema incidence within the intervention group (5.7%) compared to the control group (9.7%, P = 0.04) at the end of the intervention period at 12 months of age in infants without a family history of allergic disease [50]. In contrast, Boyle et al. [28], who included high-risk infants, found that the prebiotic supplementation (GOS, FOS, and pAOS) in the same ratio and dosage as Gruber et al. [50] did not reduce the risk of development of infant eczema by 12 months of age after an intervention period from birth to 6 months of age (28.7% in the prebiotic intervention group vs. 28.7% in the control group, P = 0.90) [28]. It is important to note that in the Gruber et al. [50] study both the intervention and control groups had a base of cow’s milk formula with or without prebiotics added, whereas in the Boyle et al. [28], study the intervention group had partially hydrolyzed formula with prebiotics added compared to the cow’s milk formula without prebiotics given to the control group. Thus, one could speculate that the differences in results from these two trials may be due to a possible synergistic effect of the unmodified cow’s milk protein in combination with the prebiotic supplementation [54]. Thus, future 3-arm or 4-arm varied combinations of cow’s milk or partially hydrolyzed protein-based infant formula with and without prebiotics supplementation trials appear warranted.
Protective Effect of Chickpea Protein Hydrolysates on Colon Carcinogenesis Associated With a Hypercaloric Diet
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Xariss M. Sánchez-Chino, Cristian Jiménez Martínez, Erika B. León-Espinosa, Leticia Garduño-Siciliano, Isela Álvarez-González, Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Verónica R. Vásquez-Garzón, Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos, Gloria Dávila-Ortiz
Chickpea is a seed of the legume family, composed mainly of complex carbohydrates (70%) and proteins (20%), for which consumption has been related to health benefits (14–17). The objective of this work was to verify the inhibitory effect of chickpea hydrolyzed protein on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced carcinogenesis in mice fed a hypercaloric diet.