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Syphilis
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
The anti-mercurialists, who recognized mercury for the poison that it was, put forth an alternative: guaiacum. The powdered wood of the guaiacum tree was first championed by the German scholar Ulrich von Hutten (1488–1523) in his De morbo gallico (1519), which was an account of his own experience with the French Sickness and his treatment with the imported wood. Guaiacum (or guaiac) came from Hispaniola, where the local population found the material effective, according to eyewitnesses such as the aforementioned Oviedo. Like mercury, guaiac had laxative and sweat-inducing properties but did not cause severe salivation. Still, the treatment protocol was even more brutal, involving severe diarrhea, residence in a hot room for a biblical 40 days, and strict fasting for that same time.53
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Guaiacwood oil should not be confused with Guaiacum officinale wood oil (CAS 84650-13-5; EC 283-494-2), the essential oil obtained from Guaiacum officinale L. This too is a member of the family Zygophyllaceae and is also known as guaiacwood.
Methods of Protein Iodination
Published in Erwin Regoeczi, Iodine-Labeled Plasma Proteins, 2019
An additional difference between the iodination-catalyzing properties of both enzymes may be sought in the unequal bindings of substrate proteins. Iodinating efficiency using lactoperoxidase increases68,80 with more protein in the reaction mixture. In contrast, at a given concentration of 1–, the rate of horseradish enzyme-catalyzed incorporation of I into lysozyme is reversely proportional to the concentration of the protein.101 Moreover, proteins competitively inhibit the oxidation of guaiacol by horseradish peroxidase.72 It is tempting to hypothesize that horseradish peroxidase binds protein substrates more avidly than does lactoperoxidase, and this has a bearing on its overall performance as a halogenation catalyst. Parallel studies with both enzymes are clearly warranted.
Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
José Rafael da Silva Araujo, Juliana Vieira de Barros Arcoverde, Marília Grasielly de Farias Silva, Edson Renan Barros de Santana, Persio Alexandre da Silva, Silvany de Sousa, Neide Santos, Pedro Marcos de Almeida, Cláudia Sampaio de Andrade Lima, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Rafael Jorge Santos Aracati Padilha, Marccus Alves, Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal
Considering the EtOAc fraction, GC-MS also identified the presence of other phenolic groups, such as guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol) (6.52%), 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran (6.17%), 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol (0.97%), and a compound similar to isovanillic acid (isovanillic acid methyl ester, 2.37%), which were also found in barks from the same species in other studies (Negri et al.2004). The compounds 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (5.45%) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.93%) have not been reported in the literature so far for A. cearensis. Guaiacol is a plant phenol with myeloperoxidase inhibitor activity (Jayaraj et al.2020). This compound can modulate oxidative stress due to its methoxy substitution in the ortho position, which increases the radical scavenging efficiency of guaiacol (Azadfar et al.2015). Excessive myeloperoxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production are associated with many inflammatory processes (Khan et al.2018), including atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer’s. Coumarans (2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans) do not exhibit a role in oxidative stress, but your derived compounds have cytotoxic and antiprotozoal activities (Ilya et al.2018). On the other hand, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol is a high value-added product widely used as a flavoring agent, with potential for food preservation (Rubab et al.2020).
Adult polyglucosan body disease: an acute presentation leading to unmasking of this rare disorder
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Jaspreet Johal, Ramiro Castro Apolo, Michael W. Johnson, Michael R. Persch, Adam Edwards, Preet Varade, Hussam Yacoub
Early diagnosis of APBD may be essential for the design and efficacy of future therapeutic trials. Repletion of the defective lysosomal acid maltase has been proposed as a treatment for GSD-II, or Pompe disease. Since GBE activity associated with APBD is characterized by a late-onset, a therapeutic time window during which treatment can be offered has been proposed [30]. Enhancement of glycogen branching activity and cessation of the accumulation of polyglucosan has been proposed as a potential treatment strategy. Inhibition of the glycogen synthase (GYS) activity, which would alter the GYS/GBE activity ratio and halt glycogen synthesis and polyglucosan buildup [31,32], is an alternative strategy. Guaiacol, an inhibitor of GYS, constitutes a promising candidate for future therapy as preliminary studies in animal models with APBD showed reduced accumulation of polyglucosans and GBE activity in cardiac, liver, and peripheral nerve tissues with no reported adverse effects [30]. Kakhlon and colleagues reported a similar outcome using rapamycin and starvation to promote decreased activity of GYS [32]. There is also limited evidence that anaplerotic dietary therapy with triheptanoin may slow disease progression. Limited functional improvement was observed in a small number of affected individuals in the early stages of the disease, whereas other studies report no benefit [33,34]. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, triheptanoin supplementation failed to prevent disease progression in 23 patients [4], similar to findings reported recently in two siblings diagnosed with APBD [34].
Zinc improves sexual and erectile function in HAART-treated rats via the upregulation of erectogenic enzymes and maintenance of redox balance
Published in The Aging Male, 2023
R. E. Akhigbe, M. A. Hamed, A. F. Odetayo, T. M. Akhigbe, P. A. Oyedokun
Penile myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined by the colorimetric method as earlier reported by Desser et al. [39]. This is based on its catalytic activity in the oxidation of guaiacol to oxidized guaiacol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Guaiacol has a brown color that is measured photometrically at 470 nm wavelength in its oxidized form. The color intensity produced is proportional to the concentration of oxidized guaiacol produced in the reaction.