Dietary Supplements for Use in Extreme Sports
Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi in Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Ginseng is another herb that has been used throughout history for medicinal purposes. Today, ginseng extract is commonly found in products such as energy drinks (i.e. Monster™). Though it has been reported to enhance various parameters of cognition (particularly functions related to memory), evidence regarding acute doses of ginseng in healthy humans remains equivocal, and chronic dosing regimens in healthy humans have not been studied.130 Further, only one known study has reported testing sport-specific skill following ginseng supplementation. The study reported that ginseng supplementation improved shooting accuracy during a biathlon.131 However, given that only one study has utilized ginseng in a sport-like setting, and other reports of ginseng supplementation are equivocal, more research is needed before ginseng can be recommended to athletes to improve cognitive performance.
Herbal Therapies
Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam in Herbal Product Development, 2020
Ginseng is a well-known traditional herbal medicine due to its numerous benefits. Although ginseng exhibits a variety of physiological and pharmacological activities, ginseng saponin (or ginsenoside) has no specific receptor. Therefore, ginseng saponin alone may not explain all of ginseng’s actions (Nah et al., 2007). Recent studies found presence of unique form of LPAs, designated gintonin. It was co-isolated with ginseng proteins such as ginseng major latex-like protein 151 and ginseng major storage protein. The complex of LPAs and ginseng proteins could be involved in the physiological and pharmacological actions of LPAs as the free form of LPAs are labile to hydrolysis by lipid phosphate phosphatase (Salous et al., 2013). The protein component might protect LPAs from hydrolysis. They may also play roles in storage and transportion of LPAs to receptors at target organs. The most abundant LPA species in gintonin are LPA C18:2 > LPA C16:0 > LPA C18:1. The study also indicated that ginseng contained high LPAs content, where it was 10-fold than the amount present in corydalis tuber and other foodstuff.
Delivery of Herbal Cardiovascular Drugs in the Scenario of Nanotechnology: An Insight
Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi in Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Panax ginseng is also an important source of drug from herbal arena used for CVDs mainly HTN, myocardial ischemia and dyslipidemia. Ginseng is one of the older and traditional drugs used from natural sources. Part of the ginseng responsible for the drug action is known as ginsenoside. As far as the pharmacological actions are concerned as there are innumerable types of ginsenoside identified, it may have various pharmacological actions involve in the therapy. About 40 ginsenosides has been identified till 2012 depending on the method of separation and analysis (Fuzzati, 2004). In a proof of concept study, it has been found that the Korean red ginseng increases blood pressure (BP) in case of low BP while it works as an antihypertensive in the condition of higher BP (Jeon et al., 2000).
Preparation and characterization of angiopep-2 functionalized Ginsenoside-Rg3 loaded nanoparticles and the effect on C6 Glioma cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Xiaomei Su, Danshen Zhang, Haiwei Zhang, Kaiyan Zhao, Wenshu Hou
Ginseng is a traditional Chinese drug, with a long medicinal history. The main active components of Ginseng are the ginsenosides, among which the ginsenoside-Rg3 (Rg3) is the protopanaxadiol type of dammarane ginsenoside, has recently emerged as an effective anticancer medicine with evident antitumor effects and no observed toxic adverse reactions (Kim et al. 2015). Some research reported that ginsenoside-Rg3 exhibited an inhibitory effect against human glioblastoma U87MG cells and induced apoptosis, the mechanisms of apoptosis were related with the MEK signaling pathway and reactive oxygen species (Choi et al. 2013). Also, one research group reported that chronic-treatment with 20(S)-Rg3 in a sub-lethal concentration induced senescence-like growth arrest in U87MG cells (Sin et al. 2012). What’s more, some research showed that combined use of temozolomide with ginsenoside-Rg3 displayed additive inhibition on proliferation of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rat C6 glioma cells in vitro (Sun et al. 2016). Unfortunately, the activity of ginsenoside-Rg3 against glioma has been disappointing in clinical study because poor solubility as well as poor blood-brain barrier permeability.
Combination therapy of ginsenoside compound K and methotrexate was efficient in elimination of anaemia and reduction of disease activity in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Jingyu Chen, Wu Wang, Mengya Jiang, Mei Yang, Wei Wei
Ginseng has been used as medicine and health food for a long time. A large number of studies have found that ginsenosides play a pharmacological role in immune regulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation and antitumor (Zeng et al. 2018; Jung et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2018). Ginsenoside compound K (CK) comes from the degradation of products of natural diol-type ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2 and Rc) in the human intestinal tract, and is the main form of ginsenoside absorption and activity in vivo. Recently, a study showed that CK protected bone marrow from cyclophosphamide by controlling cell apoptosis and cell cycle (Han et al. 2019). Our previous studies showed that CK exerted definite effect in the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice (Liu et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2019) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats (Chen et al. 2014, 2016; Wu et al. 2014). In this study, the advantages of anti-arthritis effects and the benefits on anaemia were evaluated using a combination of CK and MTX.
Effects of Panax Ginseng on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Ginseng for HRQOL in Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Maliheh Hamidian, Farzaneh Foroughinia, Mahboubeh Yousefi, Shirin Haghighat, Elham Haem
Complementary/alternative medicine has dated back to thousands of years with a high prevalence of use amongst breast cancer patients in the past decade for overcoming poor HRQOL induced by chemotherapy (11). Ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae; hereafter “PG”) is one of the most popular herbal medicines as an “adaptogen in many countries for thousands of years (12). This popular herbal medicine reduces chemo-resistance, induces apoptosis, and possesses tumor-inhibiting properties through its anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects which make it as a potential chemo preventive and chemotherapeutic agent in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens (13, 14). According to In Vivo human studies, regular ginseng use improves both overall and disease-free survival in breast cancer survivors (15). Moreover, ginseng has vitality-enhancing properties and anxiolytic-like effects that improves mood by controlling fatigue, mitigates pain and headache, reduces physical, chemical, and biological stress, and enhances cognitive functioning and performance status (16, 17).
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