Phytochemistry of Muntingia calabura L. Fruits
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Medicinal Plants, 2018
High amounts of phenolic compounds are present in M. calabura fruits. These phenolics are well-known compounds, owing to the potent antioxidant activities and bioactivities and are also known to diffuse free radicals (Willcox et al. 2004). Flavonoids are considered to be strong scavengers of ROS, which is also present in M. calabura fruits. Phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, phenolics, carotenoids and various nitrogenous compounds in fruit and vegetables are reported to account for various bioactivities, like antioxidant, antiproliferation, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral activities (Dillard and German 2000). M. calabura fruits are also rich in dietary proteins and essential amino acids. The protein content of the fruit varies, depending on the seasonal influence, age and ripening. The presence of vital phyto nutrients in these fruits paves the way for their utilization as protein supplements to tackle the problem of protein deficiency–associated problems, especially in rural areas.
Raw veganism
Carlo Alvaro in Raw Veganism, 2020
The human diet: What makes a food specific is that that particular species evolved to digest and benefit from a particular food. Squirrels evolved in such a way that mostly nuts and fruits are specific for them. The human diet is a diet that human beings evolved to benefit from, a diet of fruit, especially sweet fruit, and tender leaves. By fruit I refer to the sweet or savory seed-bearing products of trees and plants, such as avocados, mangoes, tomatoes, peppers. Naturally the most beneficial fruits are those that are edible in their raw state and easily digestible. For example, botanically, an eggplant is a fruit, but in its raw state is not easily digestible. Occasionally, humans can benefit from small and sporadic amounts of unprocessed nuts and seeds. The human diet does not include anything that is toxic or useless to the human body, such as salt, alcohol, spices, caffeine, and food that is processed. Once again, these foods and more might be psychologically important, but nonetheless they are harmful and useless to the body. Arguably the human diet strikes one as boring or lacking in variety. Two important points, however, must be borne in mind: a) all animals in nature eat a rather unvarying diet consisting in very few foods; and b) what is important is not so much variety per se, but rather it is important that an organism acquires all nutritional needs from a diet. The human diet is specific and optimal for humans because fruits and tender leafy greens are easily digestible and contain all the important nutrients.
Diabetes and Phytopharmaceuticals: Translational Pharmacology Perspective
Vikas Kumar, Addepalli Veeranjaneyulu in Herbs for Diabetes and Neurological Disease Management, 2018
E. officinalis also known as amla belong to the family Euphorbiaceae is the most important medicinal plant in Indian medicines. It is extremely nutritious and is a chief dietary source of vitamin C, amino acids, and minerals. Entire parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes, particularly the fruit. The fruit is known to treat ailments such as fever and cold.47 It also acts as an anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hair and liver tonic, refrigerant, stomachic, and as a digestive.45 It prevents peptic ulcer and dyspepsia. Scientifically amla is known as Phyllanthus emblica or E. officinalis (Eo) and belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. It is extensively grown in India, China, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia. It is used for treating various ailments in India.48 Amla fruits are beneficial in diabetes, hyperacidity, bronchitis, dermatitis, peptic ulcer, anemia, inflammations, hematogenesis, liver diseases, cardiac disorders, gastrointestinal tract disorder, and menorrhagia.49 Presence of vitamin C in amla is remarkably rich to treat human scurry.50 Preclinical reports state anti-diabetic effect of aqueous fruit extract of amla in intraperitoneally (IP) administered alloxan-induced diabetes rat model. This study demonstrated that a dose of 200 mg/kg of aqueous fruit extract, significantly reduces the levels of blood glucose in diabetes-induced rat (p < 0.05). The levels of TG [alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] get moderated at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours in diseased rats and it improves the liver function by improving the alanine transaminase levels.51
Mycotoxins in fruits and fruit-based products: occurrence and methods for decontamination
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Bruna Leonel Gonçalves, Carolina Fernanda Sengling Cebin Coppa, Diane Valganon de Neeff, Carlos Humberto Corassin, Carlos Augusto Fernandes Oliveira
Fruit-based products are manufactured mainly from fruits that do not meet the standard required for direct consumption because of various defects such as insect bites, mechanical injuries, scars on the epidermis, and poor fruit formation. Among the most important mycotoxins in fruit and fruit-based products, patulin (PAT), and ochratoxin A (OTA) have received great attention because of their high toxicity and worldwide occurrence in those products. PAT is produced by species of fungi from the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus, and P. expansum is the fungus with greater capacity of PAT production in fruits (Freire et al. 2017). OTA is produced mainly by A. ochraceus (formerly known as A. alutaceus) and P. verrucosum (Magan and Olsen 2006). However, OTA is mainly produced in wine grapes by A. carbonarius (Battilani et al. 2006).
Coptidis Rhizoma: a comprehensive review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Jin Wang, Lin Wang, Guan-Hua Lou, Hai-Rong Zeng, Ju Hu, Qin-Wan Huang, Wei Peng, Xiang-Bo Yang
C. deltoidea (Figure 1(B)) is also a perennial herb with unbranched or few branched yellow rhizomes. The 3–11 leaves are oval and slightly leathery, are 16 cm long and 15 cm wide and are finely divided into three parts. The one or two scapes are slightly longer than the leaves. The plant produces 4–8 flowers, which are clustered into a blue-green inflorescence. Sepals are yellow-green, narrow ovoid, 8–12.5 mm long, and 2–2.5 mm wide. There are approximately 20 stamens, which are about half the length of the petals. The anther is yellow, and the filament is narrowly linear. The flowering period is March and April and the fruit are harvested from April to June. It is native to the areas of Emei and Hongya in Sichuan province. This plant grows in mountain forests with an altitude approximately 1600–2200 m (Flora 2004).
An insight into the neuroprotective effects and molecular targets of pomegranate (Punica granatum
) against Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Namy George, Majed AbuKhader, Khalid Al Balushi, Bushra Al Sabahi, Shah Alam Khan
Pomegranate is considered as one of the popular fruits in Arab world and is incorporated into the Mediterranean diet. The term Mediterranean diet (MedDi) was first coined by Angel Keys a well-known biologist and physiologist who promoted this eating pattern in Greece and Italy in the 1950s and 60s. MedDi has recognition from UNESCO, WHO and FAO and is considered as one of the healthiest diets in the present world. Various research studies conducted elsewhere have shown the significance of MedDi in increasing longevity and actively reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases [8]. These types of diet are high in polyphenol contents due to the inclusion of a large number of fruits and vegetables which usually include, and not limited to, pomegranate, broccoli, figs, nuts and olive fruits and its extra virgin oil [9,10]. This explains the public interest in the beneficial effects of such fruit in terms of cultivation, production and consumption [11].
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