Hard Shell Capsules in Clinical Trials
Larry L. Augsburger, Stephen W. Hoag in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 2017
Tuleu et al. [31] compared amylose-ethylcellulose-coated HPMC capsule (size 0) with uncoated capsules for the delivery of 4-aminosalicylic acid Na (550 mg) to the colon. The goal for the use of ethylcellulose in preclinical studies is to control the drug release and target the lower part of the intestine. Drug release is dependent on the disintegration lag time that can be determined by the thickness of the water-insoluble membrane (ethylcellulose), and the tolerability and the amount of the swellable excipients. In the study, seven healthy volunteers were used and pharmacokinetic parameters were monitored using a scintigraphic method. The authors reported that based on the Tmax (29 ± 9 min), percent absolute bioavailability, and AUC (118 ± 41), capsule content was released and absorbed completely and rapidly from the uncoated capsules.
Topical Formulations for Onychomycosis: A Review
Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro in Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Chouhan et al. [57] studied the influence of a permeation enhancer (hydroxypropyl-b-cyclodextrin or HP-p’-CD) in a terbinafine nail lacquer formulation. This formulation was composed of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose as film-forming polymers, triethyl citrate as plasticizer, and isopropyl alcohol and acetone as solvents. Formulations containing this enhancer demonstrated a higher flux than the control formulation in in vitro studies. The lacquer containing 10% (w/v) HP-b-CD showed maximum flux of 4.586 ± 0.08 gg/mL/cm2 as compared to the control flux of 0.868 ± 0.06 gg/mL/cm2, demonstrating its ability to enhance the transungual permeation of poorly soluble drugs [57].
Roller Compaction Technology
Dilip M. Parikh in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Table 8.2 shows that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is the preferred polymer for use in extended-release roller compaction formulations. Hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethylcellulose polymers are also significantly preferred, followed by methylcellulose and various methacrylate polymers. The polymer preferences for extended-release formulations, using roller compaction technology, appeared to reflect polymer usage that is associated with matrix extended-release systems.
Clinical pharmacokinetic study for the effect of glimepiride matrix tablets developed by quality by design concept
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Tarek A. Ahmed, Mohammad A. A. Suhail, Khaled M. Hosny, Fathy I. Abd-Allah
Ethyl cellulose is an inert and hydrophobic polymer that has been used as a pharmaceutical excipient and as matrix-forming material in sustained-release dosage forms [40,41]. A previous study reported the acceptable compressibility and compatibility properties of this polymer during the development of tablets via the direct compression technique [40]. Tabandeh and Mortazavi also reported good flowability of a powder formulation after the incorporation of ethyl cellulose into ibuprofen that had a poor flowability [42]. Katikaneni et al. observed that ethyl cellulose is an appropriate directly compressible tablet excipient with good flow properties when used with poorly water-soluble drugs [40]. To study the effects of two variables on Y1 when the third variable was maintained at an intermediate level, response plots were constructed and are illustrated in Figure 4.
Preparation and optimization of glyceryl behenate-based highly porous pellets containing cilostazol
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Kyu-Mok Hwang, Woojin Byun, Cheol-Hee Cho, Eun-Seok Park
As indicated in Figure 9(b), floating duration is shortened by increasing the amount of EC. Although it was possible to increase the drug release rate with the addition of ethyl cellulose, about 80% of pellets sunk at 6 h due to rapid disintegration (FP6). Similar to glyceryl behenate, ethyl cellulose is a water-insoluble polymer, but it is different from glyceryl behenate, as it is semipermeable and does not form a coherent matrix with lipids. Thus, when mixed with glyceryl behenate, ethyl cellulose weakens the strength of the matrix structure and allows the dissolution media to rapidly penetrate through the partially disrupted lipid pores. This result accords with a previous study in which media influx into pellets increased their inner osmotic pressures and eventually led to their disintegration and sinking45. Eudragit RL PO is a water-insoluble, highly permeable, polymethacrylate-based copolymer, which swells in water pH-independently46. As shown in Figure 9(c), Eudragit RL PO was less efficient than ethyl cellulose in disrupting the lipid layer of glyceryl behenate, resulting in slower dissolution rate.
The use of design of experiments to develop hot melt extrudates for extended release of diclofenac sodium
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Mohammed Rohi Sanoufi, Ahmad Aljaberi, Iman Hamdan, Nizar Al-Zoubi
This work aimed to benefit from design of experiment as an experimental approach for the development of an extended-release drug delivery system processed by hot-melt extrusion technique of the model drug diclofenac sodium. To this end, the hydrophobic polymer ethyl cellulose was chosen as the matrix former to modulate the release of the model drug diclofenac sodium. Initial screening of several release modifiers was conducted in order to incorporate a suitable, extrudable, and compatible release modifier. Among the various release modifiers investigated, Natrosol L with an average molecular weight of 90 000 Daltons was selected. It is a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether that is compatible with ethyl cellulose. It has a softening range of 135–140 °C and a browning range of 200–205 °C; which make it ideal for processing alongside ethyl cellulose by HME at the condition specified previously (Natrosol technical data, Aqualon Ashland).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cellulose
- Emulsion
- Glucose
- Methyl Cellulose
- Hydroxy Group
- Ether
- Ethyl Methyl Cellulose