Nutritional Assessment
Maria A. Fiatarone Singh, John Sutton Chair in Exercise, Nutrition, and the Older Woman, 2000
The Dietary Reference Intake project has been divided into seven nutrient groups and two subcommittees, each of which reports to the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. The seven nutrient groups are Calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, magnesium, fluorideFolate and other B vitaminsAntioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E, selenium)Macronutrients (e.g., protein, fat, carbohydrates)Trace elements (e.g., iron, zinc)Electrolytes and waterOther food components (e.g., fiber, phytoestrogens)
Immunonutrition Therapy for COVID-19
Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
The expert committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) decides the dietary reference intake values for vitamin D and other nutritional substances. The dietary reference intake is a general term indicating a set of reference values implemented for the planning and assessment of nutrient intakes by healthy people based on physiological parameters (age, sex, body weight, etc.). The dietary reference intake includes parameters like recommended dietary allowance (RDA), adequate intake (AI), estimated average requirement (EAR), and tolerable upper intake level (UL). According to the Endocrine Society, toxicity caused by an excess amount of vitamin D is extremely rare.
Trace Mineral Deficiencies – Diagnosis and Treatment
Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian in Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Minerals are essential to all forms of metabolism, and include both electrolytes and trace elements (or trace minerals), which are usually defined as minerals that are required for adults in amounts of 1 to 100 mg/day.1 Increased demand, reduced intake, reduced absorption or altered metabolism may cause trace element deficiencies.2 Minerals are found naturally in multiple food sources, listed in Table 10.1. See Table 10.2 for the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for select trace elements.
Evaluation of supervised multimodal prehabilitation programme in cancer patients undergoing colorectal resection: a randomized control trial
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2018
Guillaume Bousquet-Dion, Rashami Awasthi, Sarah-Ève Loiselle, Enrico M. Minnella, Ramanakumar V. Agnihotram, Andreas Bergdahl, Francesco Carli, Celena Scheede-Bergdahl
At baseline, all participants had their nutritional status assessed and were counseled accordingly by a registered dietitian. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Nutritional Risk Screening tool NRS2002 [15]. The SGA gives letter scores to patients based on their degree of malnourishment; A = well nourished, B = mildly to moderately malnourished, or suspected malnutrition, C = severely malnourished. The NRS2002 attributes for risk factors such as nutritional status, the severity of disease and age, and patients with scores ≥3 are considered at nutrition risk. Participants were asked to complete a three-day food diary from which carbohydrate, fat and protein quantities were estimated using food exchange lists and composition tables. Macronutrient intake was evaluated based on Dietary Reference Intake Values [16], and food choices were compared to Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide recommendations [17]. Protein requirement in the healthy adult is 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day, but requirements in the surgical patients are higher at 1.2 g/kg of body weight (or adjusted body weight in obese patients) as per European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines [18]. If the patient did not meet the protein requirement by diet alone, they were provided with whey protein supplementation to match ESPEN guidelines (Immunocal®; Immunotec Inc., Vaudreuil, Canada). Patients were instructed to ingest protein and/or the supplements within one hour of their exercise training to make use of the ‘anabolic window’, the moment at which muscle protein synthesis is the highest [19]. Further nutritional counseling was given to help with bowel movements regularity, body composition optimization and glycemic control.
Influence of the C677T Polymorphism of the MTHFR Gene on Oxidative Stress in Women With Overweight or Obesity: Response to a Dietary Folate Intervention
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Marina Ramalho Ribeiro, Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima, Jéssica Vanessa de Carvalho Lisboa, Thamires Ribeiro Chaves, Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus Luna, Rayner Anderson Ferreira do Nascimento, Yohanna de Oliveira, Darlene Camati Persuhn, Alexandre Sérgio da Silva, Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Gonçalves, Flávia Emília Leite de Lima Ferreira, Roberto Teixeira Lima, Alcides da Silva Diniz, Alessio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida, Ronei Marcos de Moraes, Eliseu Verly Junior, Maria José de Carvalho Costa
The calculation for recommended energy intake was based on the formulas included in the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) (24) for weight maintenance. Macronutrient recommendations were based on those of the American Heart Association (AHA) (25). The nutrients in the recommended diet were calculated and analyzed using the system of equivalences modified and validated for use in Brazil by Costa (26), and the diet comprised the following: carbohydrates, 45–65% (recommended: 55%); protein, 10–35% (recommended: 15%); and total fat, 25–35% (recommended: 30%).
Vitamin K Deficiency in the Setting of Blenderized Tube Feeding Regimen in a Teenager: A Case Report
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
N. Khan, M. Taimur, A. Malkani, R. Lamsal
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a general term used to assess nutrient intake in healthy people. This includes Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). RDA is the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy people (7). AI is used in lack of evidence to develop an RDA and based on observed or experimentally determined approximations that is assumed to be adequate (7). The recommended AI values for vitamin K is listed in Table 1 (7, 8).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Acceptable Daily Intake
- Coefficient of Variation
- Dietary Supplement
- Selenium
- Vitamin A
- Nutrition
- Reference Daily Intake
- Dietary Reference Value
- Standard Deviation
- Coefficient of Variation
- Hierarchy of Evidence