Integrative Nutritional Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease
Mary J. Marian, Gerard E. Mullin in Integrating Nutrition Into Practice, 2017
The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, commonly known as the DASH diet, is a comprehensive dietary approach developed with the specific goal of helping to reduce blood pressure. It emphasizes fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy and lean meats, and very little salt and saturated fat. Compared to a SAD, eating the DASH diet for 30 days was been shown to reduce blood pressure by up to 11 mmHg in 412 patients with hypertension [41], and also appears to have a side benefit of improving total cholesterol and LDL values [42]. Notably, the clinical trial support for the DASH diet demonstrated even the high sodium intake version of the diet (i.e., ~3 g/day) and still demonstrated blood pressure lowering effects relative to the SAD; however, the blood pressure benefits of the DASH diet did increase linearly with sodium reduction down to 1500 mg/day. These results suggest a potent, and generalizable, benefit of sodium lowering, in addition to the benefits of a lower-fat, plant-based diet.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat in Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is an eating plan developed to treat and prevent high blood pressure. It is a modified version of the USDA Diet Guidelines with considerations related to sodium consumption (Zivkovic, German, and Sanyal 2007). The DASH dietary pattern has similar components to the Mediterranean diet (i.e., high consumption of whole grains, vegetables, fruit, nuts and legumes and minimal intake of sweets and added sugars). However, it consists of different variations which differ in the level of sodium restriction (e.g., 2,300 or 1,500 mg/day) and the percentages of daily calories from fat and carbohydrates, respectively. In addition to reducing sodium, the DASH diet encourages the consumption of a variety of foods that are high in minerals which help to lower blood pressure (i.e., potassium, magnesium, and calcium).
Nutritional Approaches to Chronic Illness
Aruna Bakhru in Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Salt restriction alone (to 2.4 grams of sodium or 6 grams of salt) is credited with producing an average 2–8 millimeters of mercury reduction in systolic blood pressure (NIH 2003). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH), in addition to limiting sodium, encourages a diet rich in fruit and vegetables (NIH 2003), which are good dietary sources of potassium (McGuire and Beerman 2013). Potassium deficiency can increase sensitivity to the blood pressure raising effect of dietary sodium, and correction of deficiency reduces this sodium sensitivity (Kaplan 2015). The DASH diet is credited with an average 8–14 millimeter of mercury reduction in systolic blood pressure (NIH 2003) and the increase of dietary potassium in this diet may account for the increased efficacy of the DASH diet over simple sodium restriction. More recent guidelines continue to support a combination of the DASH diet along with lowered sodium intake (Eckel et al. 2013).
Early nutritional influences of cardiovascular health
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2021
Diana Drogalis-Kim, Ira Cheifetz, Nathaniel Robbins
With the increase in childhood obesity numbers, hypertension has become an increasing diagnosis in pediatrics. The DASH diet was originally conceived to improve blood pressure. This diet focuses on intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes and nuts. Red or processed meats and sweetened foods and beverages are minimized with low fat dairy consumed in moderation. Programs aimed at adherence to this diet in children have shown small decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improvements in endothelial function [165–168]. In higher risk populations, such as those with type 1 diabetes, the DASH dietary pattern results in less hyperglycemia and lower blood glucose overall [169]. In patients with hemophilia at high risk for cardiovascular metabolic abnormalities, adherence to a DASH diet showed beneficial effects on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting blood sugar [170]. Similarly, a study of children and adolescents in Tehran showed lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome components, such as elevated fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, and hypertension with greater adherence to the DASH diet [171].
Associations between adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and migraine headache severity and duration among women
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Atieh Mirzababaei, Faezeh Khorsha, Mansoureh Togha, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Ali Asghar Okhovat, Khadijeh Mirzaei
Many factors in food are known as migraine drivers. These factors can work by affecting nerve density and changes.10 Food, through its constricting and widening properties, and its effects on the nervous system, can cause pain.11 Common food drivers which can instigate a migraine include: processed food; fermented products; pickles; salty food; monosodium glutamate in fast food; caffeine in coffee and chocolate; nitrates in protein-based products; aspartame; seafood; dairy; and food containing tyramine, such as red wine, old cheese, smoked fish, figs, beans, citrus fruits, avocado, banana, onion, caffeine, and alcohol.12 However, certain food nutrients, such as vitamin D, magnesium, coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, can play a significant role in reducing the intensity and frequency of migraines.10 The DASH diet is a dietary pattern which recommends high intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry, fish, and nuts, while restricting saturated fat, red meat, sweet beverages, and refined grains,13 and was originally designed to improve BP.14 Adherence to a DASH-style diet is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and BP.15 Jain et al.16 also indicated that components in vegetables can be used for anti-migraine performance. The DASH diet might also suppress the inflammatory process because of its high fiber, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and magnesium, which have been suggested as improving systemic inflammation.17
Multiple lifestyle interventions reverses hypertension
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Albert Sanchez, S. Christine Chung, Alfredo Mejia, Francisco E. Ramirez, Gerald W. Shavlik, Randall L. Bivens, Sherine Brown-Fraser, Roger D. Gallant
A review on lifestyle interventions and hypertension shows that the average SBP is decreased by conventional therapeutic diets (−4.6 mmHg), exercise (−3.8 mmHg), salt and alcohol restriction (−3.6 mmHg), and fish oil supplements (−2.3 mmHg). The DASH diet is associated with a decrease in SBP from −6.7 mmHg (Saneei et al., 2014) to −7.6 mmHg (Dickinson, et al., 2006) and with a lower overall risk of cardiovascular disease. The DASH diet focuses on a reduction of sodium, saturated fat, red meats, and snack foods while it encourages the consumption of whole-grain cereals, low-fat dairy products, fruit and vegetables (Wong et al., 2016). The Portfolio Diet decreased SBP by −2.1 mmHg more than the DASH diet (Jenkins et al., 2015). The Portfolio Diet is a plant-based diet with increased content of viscous fiber, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts. The PREMIER study (Appel et al., 2003) with an arm of behavioral modification plus the DASH diet achieved a drop in SBP of −8 mmHg (−6%) at 3 months, and −11 mmHg (−8%) at six months. None of these interventions were as effective as an intervention with NEWSTART.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Blood Pressure
- Diabetes
- Lactose Intolerance
- Obesity
- Red Meat
- Vegetarianism
- Mediterranean Diet
- Hypertension
- Healthy Diet
- Mind Diet