Future Prospects for Cereal and Legume Production
Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar in Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Groundnuts, which are widely grown in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions, provide energy-dense and nutritious food, and are the fourth largest oilseed crop in the world. Common beans are very important in the diet of people in Latin America and East Africa because they are a source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Chickpea is the third most important grain legume protein source in the world, particularly in South Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Cowpeas are the most important food legume in the dry savannas of tropical Africa, especially in West Africa where they are often grown in mixtures with millets and sorghum. Lentils are highly digestible and nutritious, and contain high levels of protein, minerals and vitamins. Lentils play a major role in the food and nutritional security of millions of people especially among low-income Asian families (Erskine et al. 2011). Lentils are grown predominantly under rain-fed conditions and on residual soil moisture under different crop production systems.
Legumes
Christopher Cumo in Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Caribbean cuisine featured kidney beans, coconut (Cocos nucifera), and thyme. Jamaicans combined these beans with rice and coconut milk. Copying Spain, Cubans made black beans with rice and pork. In the Caribbean, Mexico, Brazil, South Carolina, and Georgia, slaves ate variants of rice and legumes. Although not our primary focus, cowpeas—also known as black-eyed peas—had been a West African staple since about 3000 BCE.138 Portugal gave West Africa beans in the sixteenth century, adding another legume. Slaves employed these possibilities in the Americas, eating black beans and rice in the Caribbean whereas New Orleans, Louisiana, specialized in red kidney beans and rice. Cowpeas and rice fed South Carolinian and Georgian slaves. On the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, the preferred cowpea was the sea island red pea.
Fundamentals of Modern Peptide Synthesis
Mesut Karahan in Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
In a study, amino acid composition of select cowpea varieties grown in Ethiopia was investigated and as a result, globulins and albumins were a major storage. In addition, it has been suggested that it can be used as a food additive due to its high and beneficial amino acid content (Teka et al. 2020). Another study found antioxidant properties of sulfur-containing amino acids such as methionine, cysteine, and taurine, and large-scale antioxidant properties. Based on this study, sulfur-containing amino acids have the potential to cope with many diseases, especially as it can have a beneficial pharmacological effect against cell damage caused by oxidative stress (Kim et al. 2018). Further information is given in Chapter 13 about antioxidant amino acids and peptides. Further, according to a study, it was found that amino acid properties can be affected by different applications. Amino acid loss occurs especially in the digestion phase. Therefore, important amino acid losses may occur, and new techniques are required to prevent this (Reis et al. 2020). Many studies have examined the concentration of amino acids in relation to diseases. If we examine a few of these studies: Parkinson’s disease (Picca et al. 2019), kidney disease (Ikeda 2020), maple syrup urine disease (Kaur et al. 2019), acute and chronic physical disease (Katharina et al. 2019), Kawasaki disease (Shimizu et al. 2019), etc. In addition, in vitro studies are also available to determine substances that can be used for the treatment of different diseases related to the benefits of amino acids. One study investigated nanoparticles with chitosan to design a drug delivery system for controlled release of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) for inflammatory bowel disease. As a result, this amino acid has been found to be beneficial against this disease (Markam and Bajpai 2020). The distribution of positively charged amino acid residues in the antimicrobial peptide epinecidin-1 was examined and the cytotoxicity of glioblastoma and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro (Su et al. 2020).
Consumption of Decorticated Pulses Ensures the Optimum Intake of Isoflavones by the Urban Indian Population
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Anuradha Deorukhkar, Laxmi Ananthanarayan
Pigeon pea (S-split, D-decorticated) green pea, white pea, black pea, lentil (W-whole), lentil (S-split, D-decorticated), black-eyed pea, red cowpea/adzuki bean, white cowpea/adzuki bean, green gram (W-whole), green gram (S-split, D-decorticated), black gram (W-whole), black gram (S-split, D-decorticated), mothbean, soybean, hyacinth bean, chickpea, kabuli (W-whole) chickpea, desi (W-whole), chickpea (S-split, D-decorticated), kidney bean, double beans, groundnut, horsegram, fenugreek were obtained from local supermarket of Mumbai, India. Genistein (99%) and daidzein (99%) standards were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co, India. Methanol (HPLC grade), HCl, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate and formic acid of AR grade were purchased from SD Fine-chem ltd, India. F254 TLC silica gel plates were purchased from Merck, India.
Assessment of the concentrations and health risk of some heavy metals in cowpea (Vignus unguiculata) in Gwagwalada, Nigeria
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
M. G. Akande, F. S. Sanni, N. G. Enefe
Cowpea is the most economically important indigenous African legume crop (Langyntuo et al. 2003). Nigeria is the world’s largest producer of cowpea followed by Niger and Mali (IITA 2003). Cowpea seeds provide a rich source of proteins, calories, minerals and vitamins (Gonçalves et al. 2016). Cowpea provides food, animal feed and cash for the population in the rural areas in addition to benefits to farmlands through in situ decay of root residues and ground cover from its spreading habits (Adepoju et al. 2018).
Genetic Diversity for Quercetin, Myricetin, Cyanidin, and Delphinidin Concentrations in 38 Blackeye Pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes for Potential Use as a Functional Health Vegetable
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
John Bradley Morris, Brandon D. Tonnis, Ming Li Wang, Uttam Bhattarai
The annual legume, blackeye pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) has several additional common names, including cowpea, southern pea, and crowder pea. Blackeye pea plants tolerate drought, floods, low fertility, and acidic soils (1). Blackeye pea originates from Africa, and the plant is produced throughout Africa, Latin America, southeast Asia, and the southern United States for use as vegetables and animal feed (1). The USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (PGRCU) curates the blackeye pea germplasm collection.
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