Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The most popular traditional use of coriander in the Middle-East is for the relief of gastrointestinal complaints such as anorexia, indigestion, flatulence, griping and abdominal spasm. This use was supported by the finding that coriander stimulates gastric acid secretion via the cholinergic pathway (Vasudevan et al. 2000). Interestingly, coriander fruit hydro-methanolic crude extract demonstrated the spasmogenic effect, followed by a spasmolytic effect at higher doses on rabbit jejunum (Jabeen et al. 2009). Fractionation of the crude extract revealed that the cholinergic spasmogenic activity of coriander was separated in its aqueous fraction, while the organic fractions showed a dose-dependent spasmolytic effect. This spasmolytic activity of coriander has been proved to be mediated through Ca2+ channel blockade (Jabeen et al. 2009). Flavonoids as quercetin, apigenin and naringenin and EO constituents as linalool are reported to exert an antispasmodic effect (Gharzouli and Holzer 2004, Kundu et al. 2014). This explains the coriander’s relaxing effect on hyperactive gut disorders such as abdominal colic and diarrhea.
An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Coriandrum sativum (Figure 7.22) is an annual plant growing up to 0.5 m by 0.3 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and prefers well-drained soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH and can grow in very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers dry or moist soil. Coriander is a commonly used domestic remedy, valued especially for its effect on the digestive system, treating flatulence, diarrhea, and colic. It settles spasms in the gut and counters the effects of nervous tension. The seed is aromatic, carminative, expectorant, narcotic, stimulant, and stomachic (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Al Snafi, 2016).
Production of Essential Oils
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Raw materials occurring in the form of hard grains have to be comminuted, for example, ground up before water distillation. This is carried out in the presence of water, such as in a wet-grinding turbine, and the water is used later during the distillation. The stills themselves are equipped with blade stirrers ensuring thorough mixing and particularly dislodging oil particles or biomass articles sticking to the walls of the still, the consequence of which can be burning and burnt notes. Dry grinding is likely to result in a significant loss of volatiles. Pepper, coriander, cardamom, celery seed, and angelica seed as well as roots, cumin, caraway, and many other seeds and fruits are treated in this manner. The process used in all these cases is called “turbo distillation.” The ratio oil/condensate is very low when this method is used, and it is for that reason that turbo distillation uses a fractionating column to enrich the volatiles. This also assists in preventing small particles of biomass passing into the condenser and contaminating the oil. As in many other distillation and rectification units, cold traps are installed to capture any very volatile oil constituents that may be present. This water-distillation procedure is also used for gums such as myrrh, olibanum, opopanax, and benzoin.
The predictive utility of the plant phylogeny in identifying sources of cardiovascular drugs
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Emily Guzman, Jeanmaire Molina
Experimental studies have repeatedly shown that members of the family Apiaceae work as diuretics. Diuretics increase urine output and lower blood pressure by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium at different parts of the renal tubular system (Klabunde 2012). Ammi visnaga has been used traditionally in Egypt to treat kidney stones (Vanachayangkul et al. 2010), and has been demonstrated to possess potent diuretic activity due to its bioactive component khellin (Khan et al. 2001; Günaydin and Beyazit 2004). The confamilial Angelica dahurica, an important medicinal plant in the Far East, has also been traditionally used as diuretic (Sarker and Nahar 2004). In celery, Apium graveolens, diuresis due to its constituent, n-butylphthalide, promoted its antihypertensive effect (Moghadam et al. 2013). The crude extract of coriander, Coriandrum sativum, similarly worked as a diuretic in an experiment in rats (Jabeen et al. 2009). In parsley, Petroselinum crispum, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and essential oil components are believed to be responsible for many of its pharmacological activities including its diuretic and antiplatelet activity (Farzaei et al. 2013). Though there were no experimental studies found to support Daucus carota’s (carrot) or Ligusticim wallichii’s use as a diuretic, it is predicted that based on this phylogenetic pattern for Apiaceae, that these species may also promote diuresis.
Book Review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
As in the previous volumes from Dr. DeGroot, this is a great help in the field of essential oils, a class of compounds which has become increasingly popular to many in the general public. This is a highly detailed and useful summary of a broad area of complex chemistry and allergic contact dermatitis. Key chapters are ‘Contact Allergy to Essential Oils: General Aspects,’ as well as chemicals identified in these essential oils which have caused contact allergy. Chapter 5 then provides a list of the essential oil ingredients that detailed information is available for. These chapters save the practitioner hours to days of searching, when dealing with these patients. For instances, under coriander fruit oil, they provide a definition, INCI nomenclature, ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard identification information, the plant, the oil, and their uses, as well as pages of detailed information as to their constituents, CAS identification number, percentage in and range in products. The next section provides not only information on contact allergy/allergic contact dermatitis, but testing in groups of patients, testing in groups of selected patients, and case reports, followed by extensive literature. This book is essential for all advanced practitioners of contact allergy.
A review of botany, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Ferulago angulata
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2019
Zahra Lorigooini, Masomeh Koravand, Hedayat Haddadi, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Hamzeh Ali Shirmardi, Zohreh Hosseini
Ferulago angulata is from family Apiaceae. The family Apiaceae consists of many flowering and mostly aromatic plants that occur mainly in moderate regions. Approximately 450 genera and 3700 species from family Apiaceae can be found across the world. Iran is the hub of diverse plants from family Apiaceae as 121 genera and 360 species from this family occur in Iran (Amiri and Joharchi 2016). Some of the plants of this family, such as carrot, celery, dill, parsley and coriander, are used as vegetables and some others, such as fennel, anise, angelica and caraway, are used as medicinal plants. Most plants from family Apiaceae have pungent smells and aromatic odors which is due to the essential oil or resin found in different organs of these plants. Therefore, volatile oils of this family of plants are widely used for aromatherapy (Hayta et al. 2015). Ferulago consists of 103 plant species including F. armena, F. aucheri, F. cassia, F. cinerea, and F. angulate (http://www.theplantlist.org). In 1987, Chamberlain divided F. angulata into two subspecies: F. angulata subsp. angulata and subsp. Carduchorum (Hayta et al. 2015). These two subspecies can be differentiated from each other regarding flowering of in fluorescence, ovaries, and fibers (rather presence or absence of trichomes) (Ozhatay and Akalın 2000).