Cooking for Diabetes Prevention
Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat in Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Quinoa is a high-protein seed native to the Andean region in South America covering Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. It comes in several colors including red, white, and black. It is worth noting that the protein in quinoa is a complete protein (it contains all nine essential amino acids) unlike most of the other grains. Quinoa contains a bitter coating of saponins, which is normally removed during processing; otherwise, the grains must be washed by placing them in a fine-meshed colander to remove it. Quinoa is considered to be a gluten-free grain.
Dairy
Christopher Cumo in Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Dairy alone has not sustained Finns. Ancient farmers grew oats, rye, and barley for domestic consumption. Rye bread remains popular at meals. Turnips have long been part of diets, though since the seventeenth century potatoes have rivaled them. As implied, the first Finns were hunter-gatherers, and game like deer (Odocoileus species), moose (Alces alces), and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) furnish protein and other nutrients. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos), pork, beef, salmon (Oncorhynchus species), herring (Clupea herengus), and whitefish (Coregonus species) also supply complete protein. Crayfish (species in the families Astacidae, Parastacidae, and Austraostracidae) are available between July and September. Wild mushrooms like chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) and morels (Morchella esculenta) are added to the soup korvasienikeitto, a practice borrowed from Russia. To the west, Sweden heightened Finns’ preference for smoked salmon, salami, cheeses, and salads.
Nutrition and disease
Christopher Aldous, Akihito Suzuki in Reforming Public Health in Occupied Japan, 1945–52, 2011
Some of Sams’ colleagues, however, were less willing to accord nutrition such prominence in explaining rising mortality from tuberculosis during the war years and their aftermath. In his detailed and sophisticated study of Japanese food management, Bruce Johnston acknowledged that tuberculosis’ high incidence might by explained ‘in part’ by dietary deficiencies, but wished to give equal salience to non-nutritional factors, namely poor sanitation and crowded living conditions. Regarding the steep increase of incidence towards the end of the war, he insisted that ‘deterioration of the diet was unimportant’. Rather, it was explained by the ‘congestion of population in industrial centres and lowered standards of sanitation and public health services’. In contrast to Sams, who typically adopted a strongly negative position on Japanese nutrition, Johnston was more willing to judge it on its merits. He acknowledged that compared with Western countries, the Japanese pre-war diet was principally vegetarian and incorporated little animal protein, but maintained that consumption of other forms of protein was adequate. Soybeans, which represented an important part of the Japanese diet, were a source of ‘complete protein’, containing all nine of the essential amino acids in adequate measure.
De novo sequencing of proteins by mass spectrometry
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Rui Vitorino, Sofia Guedes, Fabio Trindade, Inês Correia, Gabriela Moura, Paulo Carvalho, Manuel A. S. Santos, Francisco Amado
It is important to note that only a part of the peptides that form the backbone of a complete protein are recovered, and these peptides are used only for protein identification [93]. If there are gaps in the sequence, ‘filling’ of the lost amino acids can be performed by assuming that the lost amino acids are exactly the same as those specified in the database entry. For low-abundance proteins, fewer peptides and distributed ancestors are recovered [87,91]. Therefore, more inferences are needed. However, assuming that the modifications themselves can negatively affect their chances of being discovered, it is fair to assume there are no modifications or mutations in the mismatched regions [87,91]. For example, a one-point amino acid mutation within a trypsin peptide will prevent matching, and the presence of most subsequent translation modifications will prevent matching as well [87,91,93].
Application of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles in drug delivery
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Mohadeseh Barzin, Amir Mohammad Bagheri, Mandana Ohadi, Amir Masoud Abhaji, Soodeh Salarpour, Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
Proteins are macro-biomolecules composed of amino acid residues and perform a wide variety of functions, including DNA replication, stimuli responding, transferring molecules, and catalyzing metabolic reactions (Whitford 2013; Fuxreiter and Vendruscolo 2021). Suharta et al. (2021) revealed that PELNs have a low concentration of protein; Further, most proteins in PELNs are cytosolic proteins, including proteases, actin, and membrane proteins that act as transporters within the membrane. However, determining a complete protein profile inside PELNs is challenging due to various sets of protein databases in different plants (Suharta et al. 2021; Woith et al. 2021). For instance, Ju et al. (2013) identified 580 proteins of lemon-derived exosomes. On the other hand, compared to exosomes extracted from animal cells, PELNs have lower protein content. Somehow, mammalian-derived exosomes contain more than 1000 proteins, whereas plant exosomes derived from ginger have only 28 proteins (Raimondo et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016; Salek et al. 2020; Suharta et al. 2021). Moreover, it should be noted that proteins are assumed to play a critical role in interspecies recognition within the plant and mammalian cells (Song et al. 2020; Nemati et al. 2022). For example, lectin proteins, which have a high specific affinity for saccharides and are abundantly found in some plant-derived exosomes such as garlic and mushrooms, are supposed to be the primary interspecies communication mediators between these exosomes and mammalian cells (Song et al. 2020).
Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells support ex vivo survival of human antibody secreting cells
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2018
Doan C. Nguyen, Holly C. Lewis, Chester Joyner, Vivien Warren, Haopeng Xiao, Haydn T. Kissick, Ronghu Wu, Jacques Galipeau, F. Eun-Hyung Lee
To identify the protein factors in the EV fractions and hypothesize how they may mediate ASC survival, we performed proteomic analysis on the EV fractions derived from sample-matched pairs of actively proliferating (non-irradiated) or growth-arrested (irradiated) BM-MSC. As controls, we used vehicle (R10; conventional media). Proteins were extracted and digested and analyzed via mass spectrometry-based proteomics (as described in Methods; complete protein lists are included in Supplemental Table 1). Six hundred eighty-two (682) proteins were identified in the irradiated EV fractions and 611 in the non-irradiated EV fractions, compared to 128 in the vehicle. Proteins that were uniquely common to both the irradiated and non-irradiated EV fractions, but not found in the vehicle, were used as input for further analysis using IPA (Figure 5(a)). A curated list featuring five of the most highly significant pathways associated with the EV proteomes is presented in Figure 5(b) (full list may be found in Supplemental Table 2). We note significant representation for both caveolar- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, identified by proteins including clathrin light chain A (CLTA), the coatomer protein complex (COPA), and a number of integrins including the integrin β1 subunit. IPA also revealed statistically significant representation for integrin and integrin-linked kinase signalling, with one important protein identified as cell division control protein 42 (Cdc42). The last pathway we noted to be of significant interest was phospholipase C (PLC) signalling, identified by the presence of proteins including the Ras-like proto-oncogenes A (RALA) and B (RALB).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Diet
- Essential Amino Acid
- Protein
- Tryptophan
- Digestion
- Reference Daily Intake
- Protein Quality
- Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score