Nutrition and oral health
Jackie Musgrave in Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
The contemporary picture of babies and children's nutrition is a complex one. We are probably familiar with media images of babies and children from low-income countries crying because they are hungry. But it may be surprising to some people that children who live-in high-income countries can be hungry and poorly nourished, but this is the reality of the many countries like the 4 nations of the UK in the 21st century. And the impact on the global economy following the pandemic is predicted to be a cause of increasing levels of childhood poverty which will lead to compromises being made in the way that children's nutritional needs are met. Childhood obesity is a critical contemporary health issue, with one in five children who start school at the age of five deemed to be overweight or obese. It is estimated that almost half of adolescent girls are deficient in iron, which can lead to anaemia.
Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Hilary McClafferty in Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
Summary of etiologic factors of childhood obesity: Parental overweightUnhealthy lifestylePrenatal environmentAntibioticsCesarean deliveryMicrobiomeDecision to breast or bottle feed, timing of solid food introductionFood insecurityExposure to food marketing and advertisingFood addictionAbuse, chronic stressorsFederal, state, local governmental nutrition policiesEnvironmental exposures
Nutraceuticals for Maternal and Offspring’s Chronic Disease
Priyanka Bhatt, Maryam Sadat Miraghajani, Sarvadaman Pathak, Yashwant Pathak in Nutraceuticals for Prenatal, Maternal and Offspring’s Nutritional Health, 2019
Obesity is defined as the extra accumulation of body fat (Gungor 2014). Recently, it has been reported that globally the rate of obesity in children and adolescents, aged 5 to 19 years, has risen tenfold in the past four decades (NCD-RisC 2017). Apart from genetic factors, a decrease in physical activity and an increase in the availability of foods with a high energy density have potentially increased the rate of childhood obesity (Han, Lawlor & Kimm 2010). Besides, nutritional deficiencies or imbalances during fetal life can also lead to obesity (Ross & Desai 2013). In fact, the important issue is that childhood obesity puts children at risk from other chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers (Gungor 2014).
Personality and subjective psychiatric symptoms of parents of obese youth: a controlled study*
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Gonca Özyurt, Gönül Çatlı, Gülten Cingöz, Bumin Nuri Dündar, Aynur Akay Pekcanlar, Ayhan Abacı
Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems of this century, and its prevalence has increased in recent years [1,2]. The prevalence of obesity has been found as 15.5% in adolescents aged 12–19 years [3]. Childhood obesity is a complex and multifactorial condition. Parental factors (e.g. maternal depression, anxiety) and the parent–child relationship have recently been found to be related to obesity [5,6]. Parents usually play important roles in shaping the feeding habits of children [7]. Additionally, parental attitudes in food consumption also make a contribution to children’s eating behaviour and weight [8]. In a recent a systematic review, it was shown that mothers who have their own eating psychopathologies and use behaviour control in child care choose restrictive strategies for feeding [9]. The restrictive strategies have been found as related to overeating and increased body mass index (BMI) [8]. In a study of a Turkish sample, maternal affective involvement and behaviour control were more inappropriate in the obese group [5].
Ethnic variability associating gut and oral microbiome with obesity in children
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Baskar Balakrishnan, Vaithinathan Selvaraju, Jun Chen, Priscilla Ayine, Lu Yang, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu, Thangiah Geetha, Veena Taneja
Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide health problem that disproportionately affects ethnic minorities.1 In the United States, nearly 13.7 million children and adolescents are obese.2 Childhood obesity can lead to several health problems, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).3,4 The incidence of childhood obesity in African Americans (AAs) (22%) is higher than that of European Americans (EAs) (14.1%). Although the exact cause of this difference is not well established, physical and dietary habits could contribute to changes in the microbial composition and lead to obesity. Additionally, obesity has high heritability, suggesting that genetic factors, in addition to environmental factors, may be involved.5 We ascertained various factors that can impact obesity to define disparate rates in AA compared to EA populations in the United States.
Obstacles Preventing Public Health Nurses from Discussing Children’s Overweight and Obesity with Parents
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2022
Yael Sela, Keren Grinberg, Dan Nemet
Childhood obesity is a major health concern throughout the world. The roots of childhood obesity are embedded in early childhood health behaviors, where proper diet and physical activity play a major role. Nurses are the health professionals that are often the closest with, and trusted by, parents during this period, and their role in young child health promotion is imperative. Yet, clearly, as the prevalence of childhood obesity increases, there are barriers that preclude nurses from discussing issues related to healthy weight with parents. Our study addresses some of those barriers as perceived by experienced well baby care nurses. Understanding and presenting the barriers is an important step in implemented evidenced based interventions shape efforts to prevent and treat childhood obesity. Nurses can, and should, be of significant help in this effort.
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