Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Cichorium intybus, commonly known as common chicory, is a member of Asteraceae family, indigenous to Europe now commonly found in North America, China, and Australia. Pushparaj et al. (2006) reported the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic ability of ethanolic extract of chicory. STZ-I hyperglycemic male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with this extract and most potent dose was found to be 125 mg/kg body weight in oral glucose tolerant test. There was remarkable decrease in total cholesterol (19%), serum glucose (20%) and triglycerides (91%) (Pushparaj et al., 2006). In another study, natural chicoric acid extract (NCRAE) from chicory roots was shown to improve insulin secretion and glucose uptake by muscle cells in Wistar rats (Azay-Milhau et al., 2013). In a recent study, LC-MS analysis of NCRAE was done and it was found that 83.8% of this extract is chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid. A comparative study between NCRAE and SCCAM (Chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid) was done for their anti-hyperglycemic action in STZ-I hyperglycemic rats and in L6 muscle cell line. It was reported that NCRAE as well as SCCAM were able to improve glucose tolerance but only NCRAE showed a significant reduction in basal hyperglycemia after treatment of six days (Ferrare et al., 2018).
Atlas of Autofluorescence in Plant Pharmaceutical Materials
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina in Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Chicory, Cichorium intybus (family Asteraceae), has been used as a medicinal and food (a coffee substitute) plant since ancient times in Europe and Asia. Its root useful features are covered in reviews (Nandagopal and RanjithaKumari 2007; Chandra and Jain 2016), and the species is recommended for treating different ailments from wounds to diabetes; antibacterial effects of the plant on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi have also been described. The whole plant contains a number of medicinally important compounds, such as inulin, esculin, volatile compounds (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), coumarins, flavonoids, and vitamins. It possesses hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, cardiovascular, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anticancer, reproductive, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, immunological, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-protozoal, wound-healing, and many other pharmacological effects (Al Snafi 2016) due to its content of sesquiterpene lactones (especially lactucin, lactucopicrin, 8-desoxy lactucin, and guaianolid glycosides, including chicoroisides Band C and sonchuside C) and caffeic acid derivatives (chiroric acid, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid, dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, etc.). The flower and leaf are also used in folk medicine to treat liver disorders and inflammation, because their extracts include cyanidin-3-O-(6″-malonyl-β-glucopyranoside) as the major anthocyanin (>95%), as described by some authors (Mulabagal et al. 2009).
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Potherb sometimes eaten raw in salads, but often blanched like endive and used as a green; frequently cooked with salt pork or bacon to enhance the flavor. One recipe calls for a hot cream sauce of bacon, sugar, salt, cornstarch, egg, cream, and vinegar poured over coarsely chopped dandelion leaves.315 Roots are sometimes pickled. Flowers used to make a wine. Ground, roasted roots used for dandelion coffee, and sometimes mixed with real coffee, like chicory. As late as 1957 more than 50 tons dandelion roots were imported to the U.S. for medicinal purposes.315 Dried leaves are an ingredient in many digestive or diet drinks and herb beers. Birds like the seeds and pigs devour the whole plant. Goats eat the leaves, but sheep, cattle, and horses do not care for it. Dandelion has also been used as a source of latex.62 Leaf extracts are phototoxic and weakly antibiotic against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.316
Effects of Chicory Leaf Extract on Serum Oxidative Stress Markers, Lipid Profile and Periodontal Status in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Hossein Babaei, Fahimeh Forouzandeh, Leila Maghsoumi-Norouzabad, Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh, Maryam Ravanbakhsh, Ahmad Zare Javid
Oxidative stress is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease [22]. Several studies agree that TAC is decreased in severe periodontal disease [23–27]. It has been indicated that periodontal disease is influenced by nutritional factors. Previous studies have shown that dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties such as vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, green tea, probiotics, and cranberry improved periodontal disease [28]. Zhang et al. reported a significant difference in dietary vitamin C, flavonoids, and beta-carotene between control and intervention groups in patients with periodontal disease [29]. Moreover, a study by Zare Javid et al. found that increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables in patients with periodontitis increased saliva and serum TAC [3]. Thus, diets high in antioxidant content can improve periodontal disease [30]. Deficiency of antioxidants and polyphenols may result in increased oxidative stress and inflammation and so may enhance the risk of periodontitis [22]. Chicory leaves contain high levels of antioxidants and phytochemicals. The beneficial effects of chicory leaf may make it an appropriate alternative medication. Chicory leaf may increase the antioxidant defensive system, reduce ROS and, finally, enhance body health [31]. The present study found that 8 weeks of supplementation with chicory leaf extract increased serum TAC. MDA is a main indicator of oxidative stress [32]. Our findings suggest that receiving chicory extract for 8 weeks reduced MDA levels. El-Sayed et al. showed that consuming chicory root (100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks reduced MDA levels [33]. Likewise, Li et al. reported that intake of chicory extract for 8 weeks decreased MDA levels [34]. Therefore, the results of the present study are consistent with the results of those mentioned.
Integration of network pharmacology and intestinal flora to investigate the mechanism of action of Chinese herbal Cichorium intybus formula in attenuating adenine and ethambutol hydrochloride-induced hyperuricemic nephropathy in rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Na Li, Mukaram Amatjan, Pengke He, Boheng Zhang, Xianyan Mai, Qianle Jiang, Haochen Xie, Xiaoni Shao
Clinical research indicated that HUA belongs to the damp-heat constitution in the TCM constitution type (Liang et al. 2020). CF is a typical prescription used by the Uighurs to control the symptoms of gout and lower uric acid levels. Chicory is an essential supplement of bioactive components for humans, including carbohydrates (inulin), volatile compounds, phenolic compounds (phenolic acids), amino acids and proteins, fatty acids and derivatives, sesquiterpene lactones, vitamins and minerals. The important nutritional properties of chicory indicated its different biological activities: anti-hepatotoxic activity, anti-diabetic effect, antimicrobial effect, antioxidant activity and other bioactivities (Perovic et al. 2021). One of the chicory extracts, inulin, is Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA and makes an appearance on the list of Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) (Coussement 1999). Gardeniae fructus was initially documented in Sheng Nong’s herbal classic, which was used extensively as a traditional herb for its effectiveness in clearing away heat evil and promoting diuresis, cooling the blood detoxification, reducing fire except vexed (Liu et al. 2014). A review has summarized the pharmacology of Gardeniae fructus including hepatoprotective and choleretic effects, anti-inflammation, treatment of nervous system-related diseases, diabetes, treatment of cardiovascular diseases, antitumor and anti-apoptotic effects, etc. (Tian et al. 2022). Geniposide is the main active component of Gardeniae fructus (Lee et al. 2014), previous studies have established that could effectively modulate the development of diabetic nephropathy (Hu et al. 2017; Li et al. 2020). Mulberry leaves have been the primary diet of silkworms and are also utilized as animal livestock feed. Mulberry leaves are principally composed of flavonoids, which have various biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic (Chan et al. 2016). Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Fabaceae) has been conventionally used to treat cardiovascular disease, acute dysentery, deafness and diarrhoea (Zhang et al. 2013). Puerariae lobatae Radix is a popular Chinese herb used to treat a variety of diseases (Wu et al. 2012). Lilii Bulbus is worldwide prevalent folk medicine, mainly used for the treatment of anti-respiratory diseases. It has been demonstrated that the bioactive polysaccharides of Lilii Bulbus participated in anti-tumour effects by inhibiting the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma, increasing the phagocytosis of macrophages, the proliferation of splenocytes, and the production of cytokines (Sun et al. 2014). From UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis, the major components of CF included shanzhiside, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, genipin 1-gentiobioside, capparoside A, puerarin 6″-O-xyloside, daidzin. Zhou et al. (2021) proposed that chlorogenic acid supplementation could ameliorate HUA, alleviate kidney inflammation, and regulate homeostasis in the intestine. This result will contribute to the quality control of CF and facilitate further pharmacodynamic studies.
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