Plant Source Foods
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is an herbaceous plant of the Chenopodiaceae or Amaranthaceae family for its edible seeds. Quinoa originated in the South American Andes region (Peru, Bolivia, Chile) and was first cultivated by the Incas as staple food for 7,000 years (160–162). There are hundreds of quinoa varieties, but the most consumed are white, red, and black quinoas. Quinoa has an outer seed coat containing bitter saponin that acts as an insecticide and is removed by simple rinsing with water before cooking. Quinoa seeds are high in proteins, amino acids, starch, fibers, minerals (iron, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese), B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, folate), and some antioxidants (160–162). Moreover, due to the absence of gluten, quinoa is suitable for celiac patients or gluten related disorders. Fats are rich in unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. Quinoa gives energy to the body. It helps regulate the digestive system and may prevent hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases (160–162).
Potential of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease
Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Quinoa plant (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudocereal. They are principally cultivated in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. Though in recent years, they have also been introduced into Europe, North America, and Africa.1 Quinoa is capable of producing grains even at altitudes of 4500 m above m.s.l. (mean sea level) and has a higher nutritional value than the traditional cereals.65 The comparison between the nutritional properties of quinoa to common grains (rice, wheat, rye, barley, corn, and sorghum) clearly shows the superiority of quinoa with respect to its protein, lipid, micronutrient, and fiber content.66 Because of high nutritional value, this quinoa has been given the name “golden grain” by various ancient populations.30
International Trade, Food Security and Nutrition
Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar in Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
One ethnographic study in Bolivia found the international market for quinoa had supported the establishment of new marketing channels for growers even in remote communities (Ofstehage 2012). The research found that one of the benefits of the relatively new national co-operative that controls a large share of the quinoa export market has been an improvement in the quality of service offered by the traditional village traders, who remain important because they give farmers options that the national co-operative does not (Ofstehage 2012). Quinoa is not like the heavily traded tropical commodities that were introduced in colonized countries, such as tea and cacao. Instead, quinoa is indigenous to the areas where it is grown. This difference implies a different balance of power between the producers and their buyers, and the situation creates possibilities to use international markets to the benefit of economically marginalized regions.
Hormesis effects of gamma radiation on growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Ki Eun Song, Seung Ha Lee, Jae Gyeong Jung, Jae Eun Choi, Woojin Jun, Jin-Woong Chung, Sun Hee Hong, Sangin Shim
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an annual crop that has been cultivated for 7000 years in the area of the Andes over 3000 m above sea level and has been used for centuries as a staple food for the Inca natives living in the Andes. Production techniques have been actively studied since the late 20th century as the nutritional value of quinoa has become known (Gomez-Pando and Eguiluz-de la Barra 2013). As considering the report of Rafique (2013) that gamma-ray dose rates at altitude, suggesting that gamma-rays showed a positive correlation with altitude. Plants living in polar regions and high altitudes expose to strong light energy than they need, so photoinhibition is common (Raven 2011). It is also to occur not only by strong light but also by moderate radiation (Takahashi and Murata 2008). Therefore, in these high-altitude agricultural areas, quinoa is highly resistant to drought, frost, and salt stress (Jacobsen et al. 2003).
The potential of plant-made vaccines to fight picornavirus
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2020
Omayra C. Bolaños-Martínez, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
Later, Yang et al. (2007) developed a chimeric virus based on the Bamboo Mosaic Virus (BaMV) and the epitopes T128-N164 from FMDV VP1 serotype O/Taiwan/97 [32]. Chenopodium quinoa plants were infected, leaves were harvested and the recombined virions (BVP1) purified. The yield of the virus was estimated at 0.2–0.5 mg/g of fresh leaf tissue. Two groups of three pigs were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) with 10 or 5 mg of BVP1 virions emulsified with Montanide ISA 206, a booster dose was administered 6 weeks later. Both groups of swine showed high levels of IgG anti-VP1 antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were detected in sera. Additionally, IFN-γ mRNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) upon VP1 antigen stimulation. Interestingly, swine immunized with BVP1 and challenged with a virulent FMDV showed no FMD symptoms during 14 days.
Dissolution thermodynamics and preferential solvation of genistein in some (ethanol + water) mixtures at different temperatures
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Guanjun Nan, Yanru Huang, Zhengzheng Liu, Yu Liu, Yunzhe Li, Guangde Yang
It has been reported that genistein could be isolated from natural products, such as soybeans [15], the Ginkgo biloba leaves [16], quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) [17], and Radix Puerariae lobatae [18]. Many solvents have been employed to extract isoflavonoids, including water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile [19,20]. Thanks to its non-toxicity, low cost and miscibility with water in all proportions, ethanol is an ideal organic solvent that widely used in the separation and purification process of isoflavonoids [21,22]. Usually, the low solubility of compounds leads to failure in the medication development process. The solubility of drugs in common solvents is helpful for optimal formulation and application of therapeutic dose to enhance absorption and bioavailability. In the pharmaceutical sciences, ethanol is a common cosolvent employed to change aqueous solubility of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is significant to obtain the solubility data of genistein in the binary system of ethanol and water to obtain comprehensive physicochemical data for the drug.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Amaranth
- B Vitamins
- Betalain
- Dietary Fiber
- Ovary
- Protein
- Carbohydrate
- Mineral
- Fat
- Reference Daily Intake