An Overview of Important Endemic Plants and Their Products in Iran
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Brassica napus (Figure 7.4) is an annual/biennial plant growing up to 1.2 m. The flowers are hermaphrodite. The plant is self-fertile. It is suitable to grow in light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil, and can grow in heavy clay soil. It is suitable to grow in the soil with acid, neutral, and basic (alkaline) pH and can grow even in very acid and very alkaline soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It prefers moist soil. The root is emollient and diuretic. The juice of the roots is used in the treatment of chronic coughs and bronchial catarrh. With camphor, it is applied as a remedy for rheumatism and stiff joints. It is dropped into the ear to relieve earaches (Zargari, 2014; Mozaffarian, 2011; Plant for a Future; Saeidnia & Gohari, 2012).
Plant Source Foods
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Rapeseed oil is the oil extracted from the seed of rape or colza or canola that is the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family (broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower). Rapeseed is intended for the production of culinary oils and biodiesel. The byproduct of oil production is rich in protein and is used as animal feeds. Rapeseed oil is lower in saturates (6.6 g/100 g) than all other vegetable oils, high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (59.3 g/100 g), and has a high ALA (9.6 g/100 g) and lower LA (19.7 g/100 g) content compared to other vegetable oils (273). It therefore provides a good balance of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, rapeseed oils produced from the cultivars of Brassica napus or Crambe abyssinica are rich in erucic acid (55–60%) which is toxic to cardiac muscles (273–275). In addition, rapeseed oils contain glucosinolates, which interfere with the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland in animals (273). Rapeseed is cheap; therefore, it is used to produce biodiesel. Rapeseed oil is commonly used as a cooking oil, in pan frying and salad dressings.
Fat
Geoffrey P. Webb in Nutrition, 2019
Soya oil and sunflower oil are two vegetable oils that are typical of many vegetable oils in that they are low in saturates and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In most vegetable oils, the n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominate. Olive oil and rapeseed (canola) oil are the most widely eaten examples of fats that are particularly high in monounsaturates and low in saturates. Rapeseed oil also has a relatively high proportion of n3 polyunsaturated acids. The composition of the two tropical oils shown in Table 12.1 (coconut and palm oil) shows that there are exceptions to the general observation that vegetable oils are low in saturates and high in unsaturated fatty acids. On the simple basis of the proportions of the three main types of fatty acids, palm oil is quite similar in its make-up to lard. Coconut oil contains a particularly high proportion (around 78%) of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (less than 16 carbons) that make up only a small proportion of the fatty acids in most fats, and its advocates suggest that this makes its effects on plasma cholesterol less deleterious. Palmitic acid (16:0) is the dominant saturated fatty acid in most types of fat.
The Brassica Napus Extract (BNE)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles as an Early Necroptosis and Late Apoptosis Inducer in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Hanieh Shabestarian, Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi, Ali Es-haghi, Farzanehsadat Khadem
Nowadays, the replacement of natural compounds with chemical treatments to prevent the harms of chemotherapy is being studied and researchers are trying to identify and use natural compounds with tumor inhibitory properties and minimal side effects (11). Phytochemical-based cancer therapy has been successfully applied in treating different types of human cancers such as lung, breast, and colon due to its more biocompatibility and diminished harmful side effects (12–15). Previous studies have examined and confirmed the medicinal effects of some herbal compounds (16, 17). Brassica napus L. is found as a common medicinal food plant in North Africa, Middle Asia, and West Europe. It is called “Colza” in Iranian traditional medicine. It is commonly used for various types of medical applications as the anti-scurvy, diuretic, and bladder anti-inflammatory compound. The rapeseeds’ seeds composition are different in amounts of their phytochemicals such as α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, tocopherols, erucic acid, gluconapin, progoitrin, and phenolic content (18). Despite the therapeutic properties of many herbal compounds, their effect on non-target organs, instability and oxidation of some active substances and also their insolubility in water are the limitations of clinical use of these compounds (17).
Evaluation of the optimum threshold of gamma-ray for inducing mutation on Polianthes tuberosa cv. double and analysis of genetic variation with RAPD marker
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh, Seyed Najmedin Mortazavi, Morteza Ganjinajad, Volkan Okatan, İbrahim Kahramanoğlu
Besides the above-mentioned five primers, the OPD12, OPM13, OPC8, OPC13, and OPD13 primers were also able to show some amplified DNA fragments (Figure 3). For example, a total of 64 amplified DNA fragments were obtained in the samples of the OPD13 primer, of which nine bands, equivalent to 13.99% of the bands, were polymorphic. The OPD12 primer resulted in 65 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 11 bands, equivalent to 17.10% of the bands, were polymorphic. Moreover, 90 reproducible DNA fragments were obtained in the samples in the OPM13 primer, of which 10 bands, equivalent to 10.88% of the bands, were polymorphic. The OPD3 primer resulted in 71 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 18 bands, equivalent to 42.77% of the bands, were polymorphic. Finally, the OPC13 primer resulted in 44 amplified DNA fragments in the samples, of which 15 bands, equivalent to 44.18% of the bands, were polymorphic. The highest number of amplified fragments (90) was related to the OPM13 primer and the lowest number (40) to the OPM10 primer. The polymorphism shown by different primers ranged from 9.5% to 44.18%. The rate of polymorphic initiation was 45% in the study of Kroth et al. (2005), 33% in Hong et al. (2001), 15% in Yongtai et al. (2004), 45% in Kochieva et al. (2001), and 93% in Selbach and Cavalli-Molina (2000). Similar results have been reported in genotypes of rapeseed (Brassica napus) (Abdelmigid 2012) and P. tuberosa (Majd et al. 2013) in India. Majd et al. (2013) stated that rapid analysis was a diagnostic tool to study the genetic diversity of P. tuberosa genotypes (Figure 4).
Comparing of the effects of sesame oil and rapeseed oil versus suet oil and animal butter on the reproductive system of male rats
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Behrooz Yahyaei, Miromid Safari
Suet oil is categorized in the animal oils and popular in the Middle East and Africa. Sesame oil is mostly composed of unsaturated fatty acids with one or several unsaturated bonds (43.3% and 41.1%, respectively), oleic fatty acids (39.09%), linoleic (40.39%) and lignin, which has lots of phytosterol effects (10). Rapeseed oil is the second most important oil in the world after Soy Oil. This oil has lots of PUFAs. Rapeseed also contains tocopherol (100–115.9 milligrams/10 gram), phytosterol (459–500 milligrams/100gram), polyphenol (0–7.148 milligrams/100 grams) and other nutrients (11). According to the increasing rate of infertility among men and lack of enough molecular evidences about the effects of various diets on male fertility, this study aimed to determine the effect of rapeseed and sesame oil, in comparison with the animal butter and suet oil, on the reproductive system and sperm quality of male rats.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biodiesel
- Erucic Acid
- Rapeseed Oil
- Soybean
- Subspecies
- Vegetable Oil
- Polyploidy
- Rhamphospermum Nigrum
- Species
- Hybrid