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Biobased Products for Viral Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Gleice Ribeiro Orasmo, Giovanna Morghanna Barbosa do Nascimento, Maria Gabrielly de Alcântara Oliveira, Jéssica Missilany da Costa
In an in silica approach, curcumin and its natural derivatives inhibited ebola viral proteins (Baikerikar 2017). In addition to curcumin, the study evaluated the inhibitory activity of bisdemethoxycurcumin, desmethoxycurcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin against the viral proteins of ebola from Zaire. Bisdemethoxycurcumin showed better binding affinity than curcumin for most viral proteins. The tetrahydrocurcumin metabolite also showed comparable binding affinity to curcumin. These results indicate that curcumin, curcuminoids and the metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin may be potential lead compounds for the development of a new therapy for the viral disease ebola.
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Curcumin was discovered 200 years ago in 1815 when Vogel and Pelletier reported a “yellow coloring-matter” extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa which they named curcumin, although its chemical structure was not elucidated until 1910. Two related compounds were later identified in turmeric with similar structures to curcumin apart from the loss of one (i.e., desmethoxycurcumin) or two (i.e., bis-desmethoxycurcumin) methoxy groups. All these curcumin compounds are natural phenols, which, in association with their internal conjugated heptene chain, provides them with a bright yellow color. Due to its attractive color, curcumin is used as a food coloring additive known as E100. It is also known as the yellow dye Natural Yellow 3.
Bioactive Constituents in Indian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Recognized for Brain Health Benefits
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Deepak Mundkinajeddu, Amit Agarwal, Gururaja Giligar Manjunatha, Vineet Kumar Singh
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a perennial herb that belongs to Zingiberaceae family. It is commonly called as “haldi”, a word derived from the Sanskrit word “haridra”. Turmeric is also called as “golden spice” or “spice of life” with 133 different species available worldwide (Shrishail et al., 2013). The plant has been reported to be used in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine from Vedic times. The use of turmeric dates back nearly 4,000 years to the Vedic culture in India, which amalgamates the medicinal goods of herbs with food. In Ayurveda, Curcuma is claimed to have therapeutic uses such as Visavikara (disorders due to toxins), Kustha (skin disorders), Vrana (ulcer/wound), Tvagroga (diseases of skin), Prameha (increased frequency and turbidity of urine), Pandu (anemia), Sitapitta (urticaria), and Pinasa (chronic rhinitis/sinusitis), and an important formulation is Haridra Khanda (API, 2011). The pharmacological activity of turmeric such as antioxidant (Kalpravidh et al., 2010), antiprotozoal (Changtam et al., 2010), antivenom activities (Lim et al., 2011), antimicrobial (Péret-Almeida et al., 2005), antimalarial (Aditya et al., 2012), anti-inflammatory (Khan et al., 2012), antiproliferative (Yue et al., 2010), antiangiogenic (Tapal and Tiku, 2012), antitumor (Panahi et al., 2014), neuroprotective (Dohare et al., 2008), and antiaging (Zhan et al., 2011) properties has been mainly attributed to curcuminoids, which consist of curcumin (diphenylheptanoids) and two related compounds (demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin) (Tables 18.10 and 18.11).
Curcumin analogues exert potent inhibition on human and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as potential therapeutic agents: structure-activity relationship and in silico docking
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Xinyi Qiao, Lei Ye, Jialin Lu, Chengshuang Pan, Qianjin Fei, Yang Zhu, Huitao Li, Han Lin, Ren-shan Ge, Yiyan Wang
In Asia and Africa, Curcuma (turmeric), the rhizome of the perennial herb Curcuma longa L., is widely used as functional food additive to humans and animals. Since the last century, the main bioactive component of turmeric has been identified as curcuminoids. The major component of curcuminoids is curcumin (Figure 1(A)), a beta-diketone polyphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. Curcuminoids isolated from turmeric usually contain 65% curcumin (CUR) and 35% de-methoxylated curcumin: 25% demethoxycurcumin (DMC) that has one de-methoxylated group in one of benzene rings and 10% bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) that has two de-methoxylated groups in two benzene rings (Figure 1(A))1. CUR in plants and animals can be metabolised into dihydrocurcumin (DHC) after one of the double bonds is reduced, or tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) after two double bonds are reduced by gut microbiota, and octahydrocurcumin (OHC) after all double bonds in the bridge moiety are reduced. Curcuminoids have been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-septic, anti-tumour, analgesic, and anti-virus COVID-19 activity2–6. DMC retains some of the beneficial properties of curcumin, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects7. BDMC has been reported to have anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines and animal models8.
A short review on chemical properties, stability and nano-technological advances for curcumin delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Curcuma longa is a perennial plant that belongs to the ginger family. It is broadly cultivated in the Asian tropical regions. Turmeric is the plant’s extract; it is known for its golden yellow color and widely used as a preservative, coloring agent, and a spice for food. India is the chief exporter of turmeric. Curcuma longa has been also known for its therapeutic uses since the times of Ayurveda in 1900 BC, the science of long life. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, turmeric has been acknowledged in Asian countries as a traditional medicinal herb. Turmeric is constituted of a variety of phytochemicals; the three principal ones are: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The main phytochemical that is responsible for turmeric’s therapeutic importance and counts around 2–5% of turmeric rhizome is curcumin. It is also the main natural polyphenol that gives turmeric the vibrant yellow color which is responsible for its usage as a dye. Curcumin was first isolated in impure form in 1815 by Vogel and Pelletier, yet its chemical structure was not identified until 1910 by Milobedzka and Lampe. Curcumin has recently found profound biomedical applications as scientists are giving more emphasis on the application of natural and traditional medicine.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract may prevent the deterioration of spatial memory and the deficit of estimated total number of hippocampal pyramidal cells of trimethyltin-exposed rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Sapto Yuliani, Ginus Partadiredja
Turmeric contains curcumin and its derivates (demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) that are proposed to have anti-oxidant potentials. The anti-oxidant activity of curcumin is generally attributed to the curcumin’s phenolic and methoxy groups content, which in conjunction with the 1,3-diketone-conjugated diene system are capable of scavenging the oxygen radicals (Itokawa et al.2008). It has been shown that curcumin acts as an anti inflammatory agent in Alzheimer's disease (Giri et al.2004), as well as neutralizes reactive oxygen and nitric-oxide-based free radicals (Avci et al.2012). Curcumin administration also decreases mitochondrial dysfunction (Eckert et al.2013) and protects neurons by increasing Bcl-2 level (Pan et al.2008).