Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Disorders *
Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi in Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Curcuminoid is a blend of demethoxycurcumin (DMC), bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and curcumin, and the principle synthetic constituent found in turmeric, mostly used spice, having prospective in the treatment of AD. There is generous proof supporting the idea that mixes got from the restorative plants have assumed a main job in numerous diseases, especially in dementia. Curcumin was similarly powerful in scopolamine-actuated amnesia, and it demonstrated particularly less viability in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory action when contrasted with the parent curcuminoid blend or two different mixes. As the inhibition of AChE represents one out of various mechanisms in memory shortfalls in AD, all things considered, curcumin would show more viability in its memory-improving impact in different models. In any case, it has additionally discovered that individual mixes of the curcuminoids demonstrated a superior impact on memory, which is in contrast with the parent curcuminoid blend (Ahmed et al., 2010).
Preclinical Perspectives of Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of Selected Phyto-Constituents in Alzheimer’s Disease
Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani in Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-2,5-dione) is an orange–yellow colored lipophilic polyphenol compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) that is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and widely cultivated in the south and the southeast Asia, especially China and India. It is acquired from the rhizomes of the herb and has been used as a food additive or dietary pigment and in traditional medicine; today, curcumin is one of the most popular herbal supplements. This pigment is chemically a diferuloylmethane with a polyphenolic molecular structure similar to other pigments (e.g., resveratrol), catechins, or compounds found in certain fruit juices (e.g., blueberries, strawberries, pomegranates, etc.). Curcuma longa contains several congeners of curcumin (curcuminoids) such as demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Another chemical in turmeric tested in lab-studies is aromatic-turmerone. Although this compound possesses anti-inflammatory properties resulting from the blockade of microglia signaling (Park et al., 2012), further studies are needed to prove its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions like AD.
Nutraceutical Components in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Turmeric is used as an herbal remedy for various skin infections. Its application in psoriasis is a relatively current complement. Curcumin (diferuloyl methane) is the principal curcuminoid and the most active component in turmeric. Commercial curcumin contains three major components: diferuloylmethane (82%), demethoxycurcumin (15%), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (3%), together referred to as curcuminoids. The anti-inflammatory components are thought to be contained in the curcuminoids and volatile oils that function through selective inhibition of phosphorylase kinase (PhK). PhK is an enzyme found in the epidermis. Significantly higher levels have been noted to correlate with the clinical activity of psoriasis (Figure 18.2f).
Curcumin analogues exert potent inhibition on human and rat gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as potential therapeutic agents: structure-activity relationship and in silico docking
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Xinyi Qiao, Lei Ye, Jialin Lu, Chengshuang Pan, Qianjin Fei, Yang Zhu, Huitao Li, Han Lin, Ren-shan Ge, Yiyan Wang
In Asia and Africa, Curcuma (turmeric), the rhizome of the perennial herb Curcuma longa L., is widely used as functional food additive to humans and animals. Since the last century, the main bioactive component of turmeric has been identified as curcuminoids. The major component of curcuminoids is curcumin (Figure 1(A)), a beta-diketone polyphenol that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. Curcuminoids isolated from turmeric usually contain 65% curcumin (CUR) and 35% de-methoxylated curcumin: 25% demethoxycurcumin (DMC) that has one de-methoxylated group in one of benzene rings and 10% bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) that has two de-methoxylated groups in two benzene rings (Figure 1(A))1. CUR in plants and animals can be metabolised into dihydrocurcumin (DHC) after one of the double bonds is reduced, or tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) after two double bonds are reduced by gut microbiota, and octahydrocurcumin (OHC) after all double bonds in the bridge moiety are reduced. Curcuminoids have been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-malarial, anti-septic, anti-tumour, analgesic, and anti-virus COVID-19 activity2–6. DMC retains some of the beneficial properties of curcumin, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects7. BDMC has been reported to have anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines and animal models8.
Vinegar-processed Curcuma phaeocaulis promotes anti-angiogenic activity and reduces toxicity in zebrafish and rat models
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Wan Liao, Yi Chen, Zongping Zhu, Jiao Chen, Tianhui Gao, Boonjai Limsila, Yenchit Techadamrongsin, Lei Wang, Jiali Yu, Chaomei Fu, Rui Li
For quality control of vinegar-processed C. phaeocaulis, based on our previous reports (Liao et al. 2013, 2014; Gao et al. 2017), the levels of seven major constituents of the water decoction including bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, curdione, curcumol, germacrone, and β-elemene, were determined by HPLC using a Zorbax SB-C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The contents of bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, curdione, curcumol, germacrone, and β-elemene were 0.00232, 0.05966, 0.2724, 0.3869, 1.2613, 0.7293, and 1.4212 mg/g, respectively. All the index compounds in vinegar-processed C. phaeocaulis samples in this study met the demand of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, 2015 Edition. The detail data for quality control can be seen in the Supplementary Materials.
A short review on chemical properties, stability and nano-technological advances for curcumin delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Layal Slika, Digambara Patra
Curcuma longa is a perennial plant that belongs to the ginger family. It is broadly cultivated in the Asian tropical regions. Turmeric is the plant’s extract; it is known for its golden yellow color and widely used as a preservative, coloring agent, and a spice for food. India is the chief exporter of turmeric. Curcuma longa has been also known for its therapeutic uses since the times of Ayurveda in 1900 BC, the science of long life. Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, turmeric has been acknowledged in Asian countries as a traditional medicinal herb. Turmeric is constituted of a variety of phytochemicals; the three principal ones are: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. The main phytochemical that is responsible for turmeric’s therapeutic importance and counts around 2–5% of turmeric rhizome is curcumin. It is also the main natural polyphenol that gives turmeric the vibrant yellow color which is responsible for its usage as a dye. Curcumin was first isolated in impure form in 1815 by Vogel and Pelletier, yet its chemical structure was not identified until 1910 by Milobedzka and Lampe. Curcumin has recently found profound biomedical applications as scientists are giving more emphasis on the application of natural and traditional medicine.
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