Nanotechnology and Anti-Ageing Skin Care
Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee in Natural Medicines, 2019
l-Ascorbic acid, more commonly referred to as Vitamin C, and retinoic acid, more commonly known as Vitamin A, are commonly incorporated into cosmetics for their ability to scavenge free radicals, act as photoprotectants, enhance the synthesis of collagen and suppress abnormal pigmentation. Vitamin C, however, is readily oxidised and thus highly unstable, and for that reason, more stable derivatives, including ascorbyl palmitate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, are often used as substitutes. When ingested, they are easily converted into vitamin C, however, but this is not the same in instances of topical application. Furthermore, topically applying these derivatives also has no effect on dermal levels of antioxidants, making them ineffective for this application. Retinoic acid, on the other hand, is lipophilic, which makes it insoluble in aqueous formulations and drastically reduces the bioavailability thereof. Gold nanoparticles are becoming an increasingly popular ingredient in facial masks due to their ability to enhance skin elasticity and blood circulation. Fathi-Azarbayjani et al. (2010) developed an anti-ageing nanofibre face mask containing retinoic and ascorbic acid, collagen and gold nanoparticles. It is only wet once applied to the skin, thus preventing oxidation of unstable active ingredients that normally ensues in pre-moistened masks and enhancing the stability of the mask. The gradual dissolution of the mask once wet also exhibited slow-release and enhanced penetration of the actives (Fathi-Azarbayjani et al. 2010).
Introduction to Vitamin C and Cancer Clinical Studies
Qi Chen, Margreet C.M. Vissers in Cancer and Vitamin C, 2020
Host resistance as proposed by Cameron and Pauling has not attracted much research attention, and it remains speculative. Under Pauling's direction, much research at the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine in the 1970s addressed the preventative anticancer effect of vitamin C on hairless mice exposed to ultraviolet radiation [41] and, in the early 1990s, on the structural characteristics of derivatives and oxidation products of vitamin C that accounted for cytotoxicity in cell culture and animal models. In particular, the researchers found that (1) the enediol lactone ring of several ascorbate isomers and ascorbyl palmitate was associated with substantial cytotoxicity in a murine leukemia cell line [42] and (2) the cytotoxicity of vitamin C was increased significantly in the presence of copper and iron ions [43,44].
Functional Foods: Bioavailability, Structure, and Nutritional Properties
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal in Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Using the QSFR principle, delivery systems with physical stability could be designed. However, the long-term chemical stability of unsaturated (double bond containing) lipids (such as PUFAs, carotenoids, and CLA) is still a critical issue. The oxidation of dietary bioactive lipids results not only in the changes in sensory properties, but also may lead to the loss of its bioavailability [59]. There are various ways to combat such oxidation processes and one of the methods is the use of antioxidants [17]. The use of antioxidants in food industries is decreasing since most of the food industries are disinclined to use synthetic antioxidants due to their possible deleterious effects on human health and stern control over their level of incorporation. The aptness to control or prevent an oxidation of bioactive-lipid incorporated food products by synthetic antioxidants is often limited. In contrast, several natural antioxidants (rosemary extract, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, and tocopherols) are currently being employed to protect the bioactive lipids from oxidation (stage 4 of Figure 1.3).
Ascorbic acid derivative-loaded modified aspasomes: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical evaluation for melasma treatment
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2020
Mona H. Aboul-Einien, Soha M. Kandil, Ebtsam M. Abdou, Heba M. Diab, Marwa S.E. Zaki
The aim of our work was to design a vesicular system for topical delivery of a hydrophilic ascorbic acid derivative, MAP, to promote its stability and enhance its skin permeation and retention. In addition to its antioxidant effect, Ascorbyl palmitate will be used to enhance the formation of nano-sized carrier vesicles (aspasomes). The effect of aspasomes composition on their physicochemical properties as well as drug release and skin permeation was investigated and the selected aspasomes formulation was formulated as semisolid dosage forms of different natures in order to designate a proper pharmaceutical system that can be used for subsequent clinical study. The selected novel MAP aspasomal topical formulation was evaluated for its clinical efficacy in melasma treatment in comparison with more conventional treatment in the form of chemical peeling using 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA).
Pharmaceutical Formulation Methods for Improving Retinal Drug Delivery
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2019
Tomasz P. Stryjewski, James A. Stefater, Dean Eliott
To further improve the stability of the molecule in storage, another formulation method, lyophilization, is utilized. Lyophilization is the removal of water by sublimation (the direct passage of a state of matter from solid to gas phase). Lyophilization is performed by freezing the liquid drug product and then subjecting it to very high vacuum, which results in sublimation. However, the stresses of lyophilization can destabilize liposome spheres. For this reason, excipients, most commonly sugars, such as sucrose, lactose, or trehalose are added as “cryoprotectants.” These cryoprotectants form a stabilizing matrix around the liposomes that prevents their destruction during the harsh freezing cycle. In the case of Visudyne, lactose is used as the cryoprotectant. To further improve the product’s shelf stability, ascorbyl palmitate and butylated hydroxytoluene, free radical scavengers, are added as well. Therefore, although the “naked” active pharmaceutical ingredient verteporfin would be too unstable to be useful, through a series of pharmaceutical formulation steps, a drug product can be made that is practical for use in the clinic.
Assessment of antifungal efficacy of itraconazole loaded aspasomal cream: comparative clinical study
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Caroline Lamie, Enas Elmowafy, Maha H. Ragaie, Dalia A. Attia, Nahed D. Mortada
Itraconazole powder was purchased from Orkila, Spansules (Hyderabad, India). Ascorbyl palmitate was purchased from DSM (Nutritional Product GmbH, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland). Epikuron® TM 200 was kindly obtained by Cargill (Minneapolis, MN). Cholesterol (CH), HPLC grade solvents (chloroform and ethanol), sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide (KOH), and methyl paraben were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA), Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Glycerin was obtained from El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Khanka, Egypt). Propylene glycol PP was kindly gifted from LUNA Cosmetics (Edmonton, Canada).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Antioxidant
- Ester
- Palmitic Acid
- Chemistry of Ascorbic Acid
- Vitamin C
- Food Additive
- E Number
- Ascorbyl Stearate
- Mineral Ascorbates