Retinoids in Keratinization Disorders
Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish in Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
Callus is characterized by thickening of the keratin layer, and it is a protective response to regular trauma. There is also an occupational callus variant. Corns include a central hyperkeratotic area with pain. They appear in the pressure areas, including dorsal joints and prominent bones like metatarsals. “Soft corns” occur in the third or fourth finger clefts on the feet, and they are often macerated. Elimination of the pressure, appropriate shoes, debridement of corns, and sometimes orthopedic interventions are essential treatments. Medical treatment includes silver nitrate, phenol, potassium hydroxide, and callus bands with salicylic acid. Excision, curettage, cryotherapy, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, cantharidin, topical retinoic acid, and if necessary, osteotomies are recommended (84–86).
Foot Care in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Medha N. Munshi, Lewis A. Lipsitz in Geriatric Diabetes, 2007
Clinical examination usually starts with the inspection for foot deformities and limitation of joint mobility. Both of these entities increase foot pressures that lead to ulceration. Osseous prominences can be observed secondary to Charcot neuroarthropathy, motor neuropathy, and common foot deformities such as hallux abductovalgus, hallux limitus, and hammertoes, not limited to the diabetic foot. In addition, the examiner should look for callus formation and areas of erythema due to irritation from shoe wear. In the past, the presence of calluses was speculated to be a protective mechanism with debridement of these lesions not recommended. However, it is now well known that calluses are actually focal areas of increased pressure and can serve as sites of potential ulceration (74). So, should calluses be debrided? Yes, if the callus is thick with a deep core and especially if it is associated with discomfort or perhaps intra-epidermal bleeding. There are some situations where the callus should not be debrided. Some calluses are broad and flat and if trimmed, pared, or debrided may be thinned to the extent that the protection afforded by the callus is no longer present making the skin susceptible to breakdown. Any areas of erythema secondary to shoe wear irritation should be protected with padding or appropriate accommodative shoe wear dispensed to alleviate the pressure.
Biotechnology
Massimo Maffei in Vetiveria, 2002
The starting material seems to be an important factor, as in the experiments, it was shown that the calluses induced on different callus induction media had an effect on the liquid culture induction. The changes of the liquid media (mN6 or AAF) or different concentrations of growth regulators (1 or 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0 or 0.5 mg l−1 BAP) did not show any effect on the induction of liquid cultures with compact clumps. The improvement of the liquid culture should be started first with the improvement of the starting callus. One possibility would be to change the ratio between soft and compact callus in the starting material by tearing the calluses into small pieces and discarding any soft callus present. Another possibility would be to improve the callus induction medium to obtain a better callus type from which the liquid culture could be induced faster.
Biomechanical evaluation of a novel mandibular distraction osteogenesis protocol: an in-vitro validation and the practical use of the method
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
A. T. Şensoy, I. Kaymaz, Ü. Ertaş
The theoretical studies as well as the in-vitro validation experiments conducted in this study have both shown that OMS is a promising method in terms of operation success. Moreover, the intraoperative efficiency of the proposed method has clinically confirmed by a maxillofacial surgeon. Owing to the patient-specific optimum surgery guide designed using OMS method, operation time and uncertainities regarding the variation of operational parameters were decreased. In addition, OMS method has been experimentally validated to be a better approach than the conventional one in terms of preoperative planning and postoperative complications. It has been concluded from the results of both theoretical and in-vitro studies that the stability of callus tissues has notably increased.
Prevalence, patterns and factors associated with injury: comparison between elite Malaysian able-bodied and para-badminton players
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Muhammad Noh Zulfikri Mohd Jamali, Victor S. Selvanayagam, Mohamad Shariff A Hamid, Ashril Yusof
Among para-badminton players, the average age of injured players was higher compared to their able-bodied counterparts as the former were generally older. However, similar to able-bodied players, more injuries were found in males [27,28]. Among the standing-class players, the patterns of injury for all body regions were similar to those for able-bodied badminton players and other para standing-class sports such as volleyball and football [6,7,9,32]; hence, a similar mechanism may be involved. On the other hand, for wheelchair players, upper limb injuries particularly to the shoulder were commonest, which could be associated with improper conditioning and repetitive use [33]. With regard to lower limb injury for this group, foot calluses were commonly observed, which are possibly due to constant friction to the shoe edge [34]. As for the torso, lower back strain was most prevalent, and this can be attributed to the strength imbalance associated with prolonged sitting [35]. For para-badminton players, most injuries were found to be overuse in nature, which could be associated with their body impairments and the continuous demands placed on the body by the activities of daily living and sports [36].
Supportive Oncodermatology: Addressing dermatologic adverse events associated with oncologic therapies
Published in Oncology Issues, 2018
Prevention involves prophylactic removal of hyperkeratotic (thickened outer layer of skin) areas on the palms and soles. Additionally, patients should be advised to make lifestyle modifications such as wearing soft, orthotic shoes to cushion calluses and cotton socks and avoiding tight-fitting soles, running, or any exercise that creates unnecessary friction in the palms and soles.13 Recently, researchers have attempted to identify prophylactic therapies to prevent hand-foot skin reaction. A randomized trial using a prophylactic urea-based cream in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib found that those treated had universally decreased grades of hand-foot skin reaction from 73.6 percent to 56 percent and delayed onset of hand-foot skin reaction from 34 days to 84 days.14
Related Knowledge Centers
- Abrasion
- Blister
- Disulfide
- Hyperkeratosis
- Intermediate Filament
- Keratinocyte
- Ulcer
- Cellular Differentiation
- Strength Training
- Foot