Postpartum Problems (The Puerperium), Including Neonatal Problems – Questions
Rekha Wuntakal, Madhavi Kalidindi, Tony Hollingworth in Get Through, 2014
With respect to the fetal circulation, which one of the following is true? Umbilical cord contains two veins and one artery.Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the fetus.Umbilical artery carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus.Umbilical vein carries deoxygenated blood to the fetus.Umbilical artery carries oxygenated blood to the fetus.
Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Bladder
Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple in Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Superior vesical arteryFirst large anterior branch of the internal iliac arteryRuns inferior to the pelvic brimTraverses the pelvis from its sidewall medially towards the upper portion of the bladder.Supplies:Distal ureter, bladder, the proximal end of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles.Gives rise to the umbilical artery in the foetus (medial umbilical ligament in adults).
Clinical anatomy of the newborn
Prem Puri in Newborn Surgery, 2017
At birth, the umbilical vessels constrict rapidly in response to a fall in umbilical cord temperature and hemodynamic changes. Occlusion of the umbilical artery is facilitated by the “folds of Hoboken,” constriction rings along the length of the umbilical artery produced by oblique or transverse bundles of myofibroblasts.19 Numerous mediators of umbilical vessel vasoconstriction have been proposed, including bradykinin and endothelin-1, some of which are produced locally within the umbilical cord. After birth, the obliterated umbilical arteries become the paired medial umbilical ligaments usually visible under the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus; the proximal parts of each umbilical artery remain patent as the superior vesical artery. The intra-abdominal segment of the umbilical vein becomes the ligamentum teres. The urachus has normally involuted before birth leaving the fibrous median umbilical ligament.
Sirenomelia and maternal chlamydia trachomatis infection: a case report and review
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Gabriella Fuchs, Ekaterina Dianova, Sunny Patel, Sonia Kamanda, Rita Prasad Verma
An autopsy was performed along with radiological studies, which showed sirenomelia sequence with absent perineal structures and a single midline fused lower extremity (Figs. 2 to 5). The abdominal aorta terminated in a large vessel, which entered the umbilicus as the umbilical artery. Additionally, two midline retroperitoneal testes with epididymides were found (Figs. 4 and 5). There were no bladder, ureters or grossly identifiable kidneys. A 2 mm focus of primitive renal parenchyma was present in the pelvic region. The consequent oligohydramnios had resulted in pulmonary hypoplasia with both lungs together weighing 7.2 g. Normal combined weight of two lungs at 30 weeks of gestation is 40 g [5]. There was no anus or cloaca, and the sigmoid colon ended blindly. Lower extremity X-ray showed absent pelvic bones, a midline bony shelf in the pelvic region, a common single thigh with proximal femur fusion, a common single leg with two separate tibias and one fibula, a common hind foot, and two separate forefeet, each with three toes and a common midline toe (Figs. 2 and 3). The baby’s complex set of malformations were deemed incompatible with survival. Cytogenetic or microarray tests were not performed whereas, placental histopathology was performed and showed no abnormalities. Placenta was not cultured for CT. The reason for initiation of preterm labor was unknown.
The impact of nuchal cord on umbilical cord blood gas analysis and ischaemia-modified albumin levels in elective C-section
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Aslı Yarcı Gursoy, Burcin Ozgu, Yasemin Tasci, Tuba Candar, Salim Erkaya, Gamze Sinem Caglar
Data of 100 women, 50 in study and 50 in control group, were included in the analysis. Maternal venous blood samples for IMA measurements were collected in the theatre room just before any intervention. The umbilical artery blood samples, both for blood gas analysis and IMA, were collected from the umbilical artery just after the delivery of the foetus. The blood gas analysis was evaluated just at the theatre room by Radiometer ABL 800 Basic (Radiometer, Copenhagen, Denmark). The blood samples in plain tubes taken for IMA analysis were centrifuged within one hour after their collection and serums were separated and stored at −80 °C. All the samples of maternal and cord blood were analysed in a single run. The IMA concentrations were analysed by measuring the complex, composed of dithiothreitol and cobalt (Sigma Aldrich®, St Louis, MO) and unbound to albumin by the colourimetric method in a spectrophotometer. The analyses in the spectrophotometer (Human Humalyzer® 2000, Wiesbaden, Germany) were performed at 470 nm for the detection of the absorbance of the specimens, and the results were given in absorbance units (ABSU).
Abnormal Umblical Artery Doppler is Utilized for Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Birth at 280/7–336/7 Gestational Weeks
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020
Emre Baser, Istemi Han Celik, Melek Bilge, Taner Kasapoglu, Dilek Ulubas Isik, Ethem Serdar Yalvac, Omer Lutfi Tapisiz, Safak Ozdemirci
The utilization of umbilical artery Doppler (UAD) is useful, easy, and a noninvasive method by which to assess the association of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with placental insufficiency in order to diminish adverse perinatal mortality and morbidity [1–4]. Abnormal umbilical artery flow is strongly associated with placental insufficiency [1, 2], which is characterized as a histopathological finding of the obliteration or narrowing of arteries in the tertiary stem villi of the placental pathology [5]. UAD conveys information about the circulation and vascular structure of placental villi [3]. More than 70% of occluded umbilical arteries are strongly associated with worsened circumstances, leading to absent or reversal of end‐diastolic flow (AREDF) [1]. AREDF produces a detrimental risk factor for neonatal mortality and morbidities [6], such as preterm birth, IUGR, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and neonatal sepsis [1–3]. In the literature, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the effects of AREDF on perinatal outcomes of preterm births between 280 and 336 gestational weeks. The aim of this study is to compare the perinatal outcomes of preterm births (280–336 gestational weeks) with IUGR according to UAD characteristics of AREDF to those with normal end-diastolic umbilical artery blood flow (NEDF). Our hypothesis is that AREDF may be directly and indirectly associated with detrimental perinatal outcomes in preterm birth with early IUGR when compared to those of NEDF.