Surgical Anatomy of the Neck
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
The trapezius is the main anti-gravity muscle of the shoulder, providing postural stability, and relieves some of the compression load of the head on the cervical spine. The active movements include tilting and turning the head and shrugging the shoulders. The trapezius elevates, depresses and rotates the scapula.18 The arterial blood supply is via the transverse cervical artery. The accessory nerve provides motor supply to the trapezius muscle with contributions from the cervical plexus derived from C3 and C4 nerve roots. The cervical plexus branches mainly provide proprioception, however studies have proven a contribution to the motor function of the transverse and ascending parts of the muscle from the cervical plexus branches. Disruption of the motor supply to the trapezius causes shoulder droop and a winged scapula with difficulty in elevating the ipsilateral arm above the head and weakness when shrugging the shoulder. Chronic neck pain is often a feature of trapezius paralysis.
Thoracic outlet syndromes
Larry R. Kaiser, Sarah K. Thompson, Glyn G. Jamieson in Operative Thoracic Surgery, 2017
Next, proximal and distal full thickness skin flaps are elevated in a subplatysmal plane. Approximately two-thirds of the clavicular insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is divided slightly superior to the clavicle and the prescalene fatty tissue is exposed. The omohyoid muscle is divided (see Figure 5.19b and c). The transverse cervical artery and accompanying vein are dissected, ligated, and divided. Next, the prescalene fatty tissue is divided longitudinally near its middle area by staying about 2 cm away from the internal jugular vein. The divided fatty tissue is elevated and reflected toward both sides, exposing the anterior scalene muscle, the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5-C6), and a portion of the middle scalene muscle. Next, the phrenic nerve is care- fully exposed as it crosses the anterior scalene muscle from a lateral to medial direction, starting at C5 and extending to the lower medial side of the muscle. Careful dissection of the phrenic nerve, leaving some adipose tissue around the nerve, is quite important to keep its vascularity intact. A Silastic vas- cular loop is passed around the nerve for gentle intermittent traction and additional dissection of the nerve is carried out (see Figure 5.20a and b).
The Axilla and Brachium
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Look for branches from the subclavian artery as it passes lateral to the anterior scalene muscle. In about 50% of people, a branch arises from the subclavian artery as the artery is crossing the first rib. If this artery passes inferiorly and dorsally, deep to the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles, it is named the dorsal scapular artery. Characteristically, the dorsal scapular artery passes through the brachial plexus (between the upper and middle trunks). In other people, the dorsal scapular artery is one of the branches of the transverse cervical artery.
Post-traumatic glomus tumor of the left anterior supraclavicular nerve: a case report
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Alessandra Turrini, Guido Staffa, Giulio Rossi, Crescenzo Capone
As for common GTs, those of peripheral nerves occur mostly in young patients in their forties, affecting both sexes, with a mild female preponderance [10]. Certain etiology remains unknown and it may be related to sex, age, inheritance, or trauma. Park et al. 2013 interestingly hypothesized that a constitutional weakness in the structure of a glomus body may lead to reactive hypertrophy after trauma [23]. Our case could support this hypothesis, as the tumor developed in the area of the body mainly affected by the trauma that is the part of the neck in contact with the safety belt. Moreover, the presence of a post-traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the transverse cervical artery suggests that the trauma was significant.
Promising perioperative outcomes of supraclavicular flap in the reconstruction of head and neck complex defects: An evidence-based case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2022
Fauziah Fardizza, Mirta Hediyati Reksodiputro, Bambang Hermani, Trimartani Koento, Syahrial Marsinta Hutauruk, Dini Widiarni Widodo, Arie Cahyono, Raden Ayu Anatriera, Khoirul Anam
Recently, there had been an increase in interest towards the use of the cervico-humeral tissue, specifically the supraclavicular flap (SCF), for H&N reconstruction. The SCF’s versatility and ease of harvest may signal the beginning of a paradigm shift in the approach to H&N reconstruction away from free flaps as the highest rung approach for complex soft tissue defects. The blood supply of the SCF is the supraclavicular artery, a branch of the transverse cervical artery that traverses the shoulder cephalad to the clavicular insertion of the trapezius muscle passing laterally toward the deltoid muscle [4].
Ultrasound imaging of the upper trapezius muscle for safer myofascial trigger point injections: a case report
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Vincenzo Ricci, Levent Özçakar
Using the superior margin of the upper trapezius as anatomic landmark, three main neurovascular structures were identified in proximity of the painful site: the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery (TCA) just beneath the upper trapezius muscle, the spinal accessory nerve located in the fat tissue interposed between upper trapezius and levator scapulae muscles and the deep branch of the TCA (also known as the dorsal scapular artery) over the rib (Figure. 1(b,c)).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Brachial Plexus
- Occipital Artery
- Omohyoid Muscle
- Platysma Muscle
- Scalene Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
- Suprascapular Artery
- Thyrocervical Trunk
- Subclavian Artery
- Trapezius