The Place of Primary Cardiac Stress Damage in the Pathogenesis of Arrhythmias, Ischemic Disease, and Sudden Cardiac Death
Felix Z. Meerson in Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
This chapter discusses the experimental data on the role of cardiac stress damage in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias and sudden death. The conventional idea of the place of stress in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias and sudden death is that man is most open to the influence of mainly biosocial stressful situations which he either enters himself or is put in by social circumstances. Researchers concerned with the place of stress in arrhythmias, fibrillation, and cardiac arrest never fail to mention that the literary heritage provides us with numerous examples of sudden cardiac death of apparently healthy people brought about by acute stressful situations. Indeed, a number of researchers who had studied susceptible animals in drastic stress situations observed not only vagal bradycardia, but asystolia and cardiac arrest. Much more vivid stress disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction in some of these people were brought on not by simulation or real flight, but by a qualitatively different stress situation.
Physical activity and sickle cell disease
Roy J. Shephard in Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera, 2017
This chapter looks at issues in the clinical management of athletes where the risk of splenic rupture is increased because of sickle cell disease. It also looks first at the physiopathology of sickling and its impact upon physical performance and other aspects of health. Sickle cell disease is often associated with poor physical and mental health, a low level of habitual physical activity, cardiac enlargement, non-specific ECG changes and an impaired physical performance. Given that inheritance influences many aspects of athletic performance, it is not surprising that sickle cell trait is associated with success in some types of competition. Some authors have described autonomic disturbances, abnormal capillary blood flow and sudden death in individuals with sickle cell trait even during sleep, but others argue that the evidence supporting sickling episodes while sleeping is not convincing. Homozygotes with overt sickle cell disease must expect painful sickling episodes, a reduced quality of life, pulmonary hypertension and orthopaedic or neurologic complications.
Heart disease
Catherine Nelson-Piercy in Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 2020
Ideally, pre-pregnancy counselling of women with heart disease will allow detailed assessment of cardiac status, and any potential risk to be explained before conception. But although most women with heart defects are aware of the diagnosis, many pregnancies are not planned, and increasingly, migrant women who may never have had a medical check-up present with previously undiagnosed heart disease in pregnancy. The most common congenital heart diseases in pregnancy are patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect. About 70% of cases are familial with autosomal dominant inheritance. There is a broad spectrum of disease, and although previously regarded as a rare disease associated with a high risk of sudden death, it is now known to be more common and often benign. A multidisciplinary plan should be developed and documented by the obstetrician, cardiologist and anaesthetist with expertise in the management of heart disease in pregnancy together with the patient.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Sudden Death Bearing Testing
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2004
Brian Vlcek, Robert Hendricks, Erwin Zaretsky
Monte Carlo simulations combined with sudden death testing were used to compare resultant bearing lives to the calculated bearing life and the cumulative test time and calendar time relative to sequential and censored sequential testing. A total of 30,960 virtual 50-mm bore deep-groove ball bearings were evaluated in 33 different sudden death test configurations comprising 36, 72, and 144 bearings each. Variations in both life and Weibull slope were a function of the number of bearings failed independent of the test method used and not the total number of bearings tested. Variations in L 10 life as a function of number of bearings failed were similar to variations in life obtained from sequentially failed real bearings and from Monte Carlo (virtual) testing of entire populations. Reductions up to 40% in bearing test time and calendar time can be achieved by testing to failure or the L 50 life and terminating all testing when the last of the predetermined bearing failures has occurred. Sudden death testing is not a more efficient method to reduce bearing test time or calendar time when compared to censored sequential testing.
Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Unassociated with Arterial Aneurysmal Rupture as a Cause of Sudden Unexpected Death
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2014
Carey Camille Roberts, George J. Snipes, Jong Mi Ko, William Clifford Roberts, Joseph M. Guileyardo
Sudden death from intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in two patients admitted to Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas in a single month. Each had been drinking alcohol at the time of onset of first symptoms. Intracerebral hemorrhage was diagnosed in one patient by computed tomography, but not in the second patient who clinically was diagnosed as having acute coronary syndrome. Both died within 24 hours of onset of symptoms, and autopsy in both disclosed intracerebral hemorrhage, an infrequent cause of sudden death. This report calls attention to intracerebral hemorrhage as a cause of sudden death.
Consensus Statement- Prehospital Care of Exertional Heat Stroke
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2018
Luke N. Belval, Douglas J. Casa, William M. Adams, George T. Chiampas, Jolie C. Holschen, Yuri Hosokawa, John Jardine, Shawn F. Kane, Michele Labotz, Renée S. Lemieux, Kyle B. McClaine, Nathaniel S. Nye, Francis G. O'Connor, Bryan Prine, Neha P. Raukar, Michael S. Smith, Rebecca L. Stearns
Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is one of the most common causes of sudden death in athletes. It also represents a unique medical challenge to the prehospital healthcare provider due to the time sensitive nature of treatment. In cases of EHS, when cooling is delayed, there is a significant increase in organ damage, morbidity, and mortality after 30 minutes, faster than the average EMS transport and ED evaluation window. The purpose of this document is to present a paradigm for prehospital healthcare systems to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality for EHS patients. With proper planning, EHS can be managed successfully by the prehospital healthcare provider.